Macroeconomics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780134896441
Author: ABEL, Andrew B., BERNANKE, Ben, CROUSHORE, Dean Darrell
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 8NP
a)
To determine
To describe:
The values for the parameters
b)
To determine
To describe:
The equation of the aggregate demand curve is to be determined.
c)
To determine
To describe:
The values of the price level, P and output, Y in the state of the short run-equilibrium are to be calculated.
d)
To determine
To describe:
The values of the price level, P and output, Y in the state of the long run-equilibrium are to be calculated.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Assume that the demand for real money balance (M/P) is M/P = 0.6Y-100i, where Y is national income
and i is the nominal interest rate (in percent). The real interest rate r is fixed at 3 percent by the
investment and saving functions. The expected inflation rate equals the rate of nominal money growth. If
Y is 1,000, M is 100, and the growth rate of nominal money is 1 percent, what must i and P be?
Consider an economy with constant nominal money supply M=100, constant real output Y = 100, and constant real interest rate r = 0.1. Suppose that the income
elasticity of money demand is 0.5 and the interest rate elasticity of money demand is -0.1. Also assume that expected inflation is zero and does not change (ne =
0). This implies that the nominal interest rate is equal to the real interest rate. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if
output increases to Y = 120, money supply doubles but r remains at 0.1?
O A. 90%
О В. 50%
О С. 3%
O D. 0.9%
C = 100 + 0.5 - (Y –Ť)
I = 500 – 1000 -r
where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are
G = 500, Î= 100.
The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is
Y
where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying
M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0.
Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially
at the same level (Y = 2000).
Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to = 0.05.
1. Explain how the long-run values of (r, i) are determined before the vaccine news shock.
2. Which, if any, of the graphs from Appendix A best depicts the long-run change in the interest rate(s)
due to the vaccine news shock? Explain.
3. Explain how the long-run values of (Y, P) are determined before the vaccine news shock.
Appendix A Graphs for Q1.2 and Q2.3
Real
Real
Ierest
Ireresa
Rate
Rate
Ir)
Tir)…
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Consider an economy with constant nominal money supply M=100, constant real output Y = 100, and constant real interest rate r = 0.1. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is 0.5 and the interest rate elasticity of money demand is -0.1. Also assume that expected inflation is zero and does not change (Te = 0). This implies that the nominal interest rate is equal to the real interest rate. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if output increases to Y = 120, money supply doubles but r remains at 0.1? O A. 50% O B. 3% O C. 0.9% O D. 90%arrow_forwardC= 100 + 0.5 - (Y – Ť) I = 200 – 1000 - r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ğ = 300, T= 200. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is Y 10i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 2000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0.02. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 1000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 1000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises the investment function to I = 250 – 1000 - r Question 4 The CB wants to use open market operations to reduce M. Explain what it would have to do, and what would happen to the monetary base B. What would happen to the nominal interest rate i in the short-run? How is it related to bond prices? Question 5 After everyone is vaccinated, suppose that consumers suddenly withdraw all their checking deposits and start preferring cash…arrow_forwardC = 100 + 0.5 - (Y –T) I = 500 – 1000 - r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ĝ = 500, Ť= 100. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is M Y where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is xª = 0. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 2000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to “ = 0.05. 3. Continue to suppose the government doesn't do anything, and the CB wants to stabilise the shock in the short-run but instead of output, the CB wants to bring the nominal interest rate i back to its long-run equilibrium level. Explain whether it should decrease or increase money supply M, and what happens to short-run output Y and the real interest rate r if this policy is followed. 4. Suppose the CB…arrow_forward
- C = 100 + 0.5 - (Y – T) I = 500 – 1000 -r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are G = 500, T = 100. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is M Y 5i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 2000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to xº = 0.05. Question 4 The CB wants to use open market operations to increase M. Explain what it would have to do, and what would happen to the monetary base B. What would happen to the nominal interest rate i in the short-run? How is it related to bond prices?arrow_forwardC = 100 + 0.5 - (Y – T') I = 500 – 1000 -r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ğ = 500, Ť = 100. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is Y 5i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 2000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to = 0.05. Question 5 Suppose that consumers finally decide to get rid of cash altogether, and only use debit cards. Nothing else changes, and the CB doesn't do anything either. What do you think will happen to money supply M and prices P in the short and long-runs? Does this change money demand?arrow_forwardSuppose the money demand function is ▪ Md/P = 1000+ 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πе). (a) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = .06, and Te = .04. (b) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? "(c) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity, and the price level? So if the hominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?arrow_forward
- C = 100 + 0.5 · (Y – T) I = 500 – 1000 - r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are Ğ = 500, T = 100. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is MY P 5i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 8000 units of money, and expected inflation is a = 0. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 2000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 2000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises expected inflation to = 0.05. 1. Suppose the government (not the CB) wants to stabilise the shock in the short-run. Explain whether it should increase the government deficit (AĞ > AT) or reduce it (AĞ < AT), and how it works. 2. Now suppose the government doesn't do anything, and the CB wants to stabilise the shock in the short-run. Explain whether it should decrease or increase money supply M if it wants to bring output Y back to…arrow_forwardC = 100 + 0.5 - (Y – T) I = 200 – 1000 - r where Y is real output and r is the real interest rate. Government purchases and taxes are G= 300, Ť= 200. The LM (money market equilibrium) curve is M Y 10i where P is the price level and i is the nominal interest rate. The Central Bank (CB) is initially supplying M = 2000 units of money, and expected inflation is a“ = 0.02. Assume that the long-run equilibrium level of output is Y = 1000. Short-run equilibrium output is initially at the same level (Y = 1000). Suddenly, news of a new world-beating super-vaccine raises the investment function to I = 250 – 1000 -r Question 1 Derive the long-run equilibrium values of output Y, consumption C, private and public savings Sprivate and Spublie, investment I, the real and nominal interest rates (r, i) and price P, before and after the vaccine news shock. In particular: 1. Explain how the long-run values of (r, i) are determined before the vaccine news shock. 2. Which, if any, of the graphs from…arrow_forwardSuppose the interest rate that banks in Techland charge one another for overnight loans is 5 percent, the long-term nominal interest rate is 4.5 percent, and the long-term expected inflation rate is 3 percent. What is the long-term expected real interest rate? How will the long-term expected real interest rate be affected if the central bank of Techland starts purchasing government bonds from banks?arrow_forward
- Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?arrow_forwardA standard "money demand" function used by macroeconomists has the form In(m) = Po + B₁In(GDP) + B₂R, Where m is the quantity of (real) money, GDP is the value of (real) gross domestic product, and R is the value of the nominal interest rate measured in percent per year. Supposed that B₁ = 2.32 and B₂ = -0.02. What is the expected change in m if GDP increases by 9%? The value of m is expected to by approximately %. (Round your response to the nearest integer)arrow_forwardSuppose that the real money demand function is L(Y,r+πe)=0.3Y÷ (r+πe) Where Y is real output, r is the real interest rate, and πe is the expected rate of inflation. Real output is constant over time at Y = 1500. The real interest rate is fixed in the goods market at r = 0.5 per year. Suppose that the nominal money supply is growing at the rate of 10% per year and that this growth rate is expected to persist for ever. Currently, the nominal money supply is M = 400. What are the values of the real money supply and the current price level? (Hint: What is the value of the expected inflation rate that enters the money demand function?). Suppose that the nominal money supply is M = 400. The Bank of Namibia announces that from now on the nominal money supply will grow at the rate of 5% per year. If everyone believes this announcement, and if all markets are in equilibrium, what are the values of real money supply and the current price level? Explain the effects on the…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSON
Engineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
Economics
ISBN:9780134078779
Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher:PEARSON
Engineering Economy (17th Edition)
Economics
ISBN:9780134870069
Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick Koelling
Publisher:PEARSON
Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781305585126
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Economics
ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...
Economics
ISBN:9781259290619
Author:Michael Baye, Jeff Prince
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education