Concept explainers
(a)
The speed of the skateboarder at the bottom of the half pipe.
(a)
Answer to Problem 84P
The speed of the skateboarder at the bottom of the half pipe is
Explanation of Solution
The total energy of the system is conserved. Since the skateboarder is starting from rest the initial kinetic energy will be zero, and when he reaches at the bottom of the half pipe the potential energy will be zero. Thus the potential energy is being converted to kinetic energy.
Write the conservation equation for energy.
Here,
Substitute,
Here,
Rearrange to obtain an expression for
Conclusion
Substitute,
Therefore, the speed of the skateboarder at the bottom of the half pipe is
(b)
The
(b)
Answer to Problem 84P
The angular momentum about the center of curvature at the bottom of the half pipe is
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for the angular momentum.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute,
Therefore, the angular momentum about the center of curvature at the bottom of the half pipe is
(c)
To explain why the angular momentum is a constant and kinetic energy changes when the skateboarder stand up and lift his arms after passing through the bottom point.
(c)
Answer to Problem 84P
Since there is no external torque, the angular momentum is conserved, but at the same time the chemical energy of the skateboarder is being converts to mechanical energy, hence the kinetic energy is not conserved.
Explanation of Solution
As the person stand up and lift his arms after passing through the bottom point there is no torque acting about the axis of the channel on him, and also the wheels of the skateboard prevent the tangential force acting on him. Since there is no torque and no external force the angular momentum will be kept conserved.
But as the person stand up and lift his arms after passing through the bottom point, his legs convert the chemical energy to mechanical energy required to moving forward. According to work energy theorem the work done by the skateboarder results in increasing of kinetic energy. Hence the energy of the system is not conserved.
Conclusion:
Therefore, since there is no external torque, the angular momentum is conserved, but at the same time the chemical energy of the skateboarder is being converts to mechanical energy, hence the kinetic energy is not conserved.
(d)
The speed of the skateboarder immediately after he stood up.
(d)
Answer to Problem 84P
The speed of the skateboarder immediately after he stood up is
Explanation of Solution
Consider equation (II) to obtain the answer.
Conclusion:
Substitute,
Therefore, the speed of the skateboarder immediately after he stood up is
(e)
The amount of chemical energy converted to mechanical energy.
(e)
Answer to Problem 84P
The amount of chemical energy converted to mechanical energy is
Explanation of Solution
From point B to C chemical energy is being converted to mechanical energy. the total energy in this case is also a constant.
Write the equation for the conservation of energy from point B to C.
Here,
Substitute,
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute,
Therefore, the amount of chemical energy converted to mechanical energy is
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
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