Chapter 10, Problem 64P

Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter stars is called die CNO cycle:

   ${}^{12}C{+}^{1}H{\to }^{13}N+\gamma$

   ${}^{13}N{\to }^{13}C+e^{+}+v_e$

   ${}^{13}C{+}^{1}H{\to }^{14}N+\gamma$

   ${}^{14}N{+}^{1}H{\to }^{15}O+\gamma$

   ${}^{15}O{\to }^{15}N+e^{+}+v_e$

   ${}^{15}N{+}^{1}H{\to }^{12}C{+}^{4}He$

This process is a “cycle” because ${}^{12}C$appears at the beginning and end of these reactions. Write down the overall effect of this cycle (as done for die proton-proton chain in $2e^{-}+4^{1}H{\to }^{4}He+2v_e+6\gamma$ . Assume that the positrons annihilate elections to form more $\gamma$rays.