University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 10, Problem 19CQ
Isotopes that emit a
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Chapter 10 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Nucleus X is two times...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding A radioactive nuclide has...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding In radioactive beta...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Which has a larger energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Where does the energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Radiation propagates in...Ch. 10 - Define and make clear distinctions between the...Ch. 10 - What are isotopes? Why do isotopes of the same...Ch. 10 - Explain why a bound system should have less mass...
Ch. 10 - Why is the number of neutrons greater than the...Ch. 10 - To obtain the most precise value of the binding...Ch. 10 - How is the initial activity rate of a radioactive...Ch. 10 - For the carbon dating described in this chapter,...Ch. 10 - What is the key difference and the key similarity...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between rays and...Ch. 10 - What characteristics of radioactivity show it to...Ch. 10 - Consider Figure 10.12. If the magnetic field is...Ch. 10 - Why is Earth’s core molten?Ch. 10 - Should an atomic bomb really be called nuclear...Ch. 10 - Why does a chain reaction occur dining a fission...Ch. 10 - In what way is ail atomic nucleus like a liquid...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between nuclear fission and...Ch. 10 - Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier...Ch. 10 - IB. Wliv is a PET scan more accurate than a SPECT...Ch. 10 - Isotopes that emit a radiation are relatively safe...Ch. 10 - Ionizing radiation can impair the ability of a...Ch. 10 - Find the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron...Ch. 10 - Silver has two stable isotopes. The nucleus,...Ch. 10 - The mass (M) and the radius (r) of a nucleus can...Ch. 10 - A particle has a mass equal to 10 u. If this mass...Ch. 10 - Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass...Ch. 10 - The detail that you can observe using a probe is...Ch. 10 - How much energy would be released if six hydrogen...Ch. 10 - Find the mass defect and the binding energy for...Ch. 10 - 56 Fe is among the most tightly bound of all...Ch. 10 - is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BEN is low...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate BEN for 235U, the rarer of the two...Ch. 10 - The fact that BEN peaks at roughly A = 60 implies...Ch. 10 - A sample of radioactive material is obtained from...Ch. 10 - Show that: T=1.Ch. 10 - The half-life of strondum-91, 3891Sris 9.70 h....Ch. 10 - A sample of pure carbon-14 ( T1/2=5730y ) has an...Ch. 10 - A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102...Ch. 10 - An old campfire is uncovered during an...Ch. 10 - Calculate the activity R , in curies of 1.00 g of...Ch. 10 - Natural uranium consists of 235U(percent abundance...Ch. 10 - World War II aircraft bad instruments with glowing...Ch. 10 - , The 210Po source used in a physics laboratory is...Ch. 10 - Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores...Ch. 10 - undergoes alpha decay, (a) Write the reaction...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay...Ch. 10 - The particles emitted in the decay of 3H (tritium)...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr, a...Ch. 10 - Write a nuclear decay reaction that produces the...Ch. 10 - Write the complete decay equation in the complete...Ch. 10 - If a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0%...Ch. 10 - An electron can interact with a nucleus through...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 10 - A rare decay mode has been observed in which...Ch. 10 - A large power reactor that has been in operation...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - The electrical power output of a large nuclear...Ch. 10 - Find the total energy released if 1.00 kg of...Ch. 10 - Verify that the total number of nucleons, and...Ch. 10 - Calculate the energy output in each of the fusion...Ch. 10 - Show that the total energy released in the proton-...Ch. 10 - Two fusion reactions mentioned in the text are...Ch. 10 - The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90%...Ch. 10 - Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1-Gy X-ray?...Ch. 10 - Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv...Ch. 10 - Find the mass of 239Puthat has an activity of...Ch. 10 - In the 19805, the term picowave was used to...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in Sv in a cancer treatment that...Ch. 10 - One half the rays from 99mTcare absorbed by a...Ch. 10 - How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a...Ch. 10 - A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a...Ch. 10 - Calculate the dose in rem/y for the lungs of a...Ch. 10 - The wiki-phony site states that the atomic mass of...Ch. 10 - A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle...Ch. 10 - A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of...Ch. 10 - A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a...Ch. 10 - According to your lab partner, a 2.00-cm-thick...Ch. 10 - In the science section of the newspaper, an...Ch. 10 - The ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware”...Ch. 10 - Large amounts of depleted uranium (238U)are...Ch. 10 - A piece of wood from an ancient Egyptian tomb is...Ch. 10 - This problem demonstrates that the binding energy...Ch. 10 - The Galileo space probe was launched on its long...Ch. 10 - Find the energy emitted in the decay of 60Co .Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...Ch. 10 - If two nuclei are to fuse in a nuclear reaction,...Ch. 10 - For the reaction, sw n+3He4He+ , find the amount...Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...
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- (a) Calculate the number of grams of deuterium in an 80.000L swimming pool, given deuterium is 0.0150% of natural hydrogen. (b) Find the energy released in joules if this deuterium is fused via the reaction 2H+2H3He+n. (c) Could the neutrons be used to create more energy? (d) Discuss the amount of this type of energy in a swimming pool as compared to that in, say, a gallon of gasoline, also taking into consideration that water is far more abundant.arrow_forward(a) Calculate BE/A for 235U, the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes. (b) Calculate BE/A for 238U. (Most of uranium is 238U.) Note that 238U has even numbers at both protons and neutrons. Is the BE/A of 238U significantly different from that of 235U?arrow_forwardThe ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware” plate is U2O3and contains 50.0 grams of 238U, but very little 235U. (a) What is the activity of the plate? (b) Calculate the total energy that will be released by the 238U decay, (c) If energy is worth 12.0 cents per kWh , what is the monetary value of the energy emitted? (These brightly- colored ceramic plates went out of production some 30 years ago, but are still available as collectibles.)arrow_forward
- Suppose you have a pure radioactive material with a half-life of T1/2. You begin with N0 undecayed nuclei of the material at t = 0. At t=12T1/2, how many of the nuclei have decayed? (a) 14N0 (b) 12N0(C) 34N0 (d) 0.707N0 (e) 0.293N0arrow_forward(a) How many 239Pu nuclei must fission to produce a 20.0kT yield, assuming 200 MeV per fission? (b) What is the mass of this much 239Pu?arrow_forwardIn a 3109 yearold rock that originally contained some 238U, which has a halflife of 4.5109 years, we expect to find some 238U remaining in it. Why are 226Ra, 222Rn, and 210Po also found in such a rock, even though they have much shorter halflives (1600 years, 3.8 days, and 133 days, respectively)?arrow_forward
- A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102 mol of a radioactive material whose half-life is 6.00 h. How many moles of the radioactive material remain after 6.00 h? After 12.0 h? After 36.0 h?arrow_forwardOne of the methods used to limit radiation dose to the patient in medical imaging is to employ isotopes with short halflives. How would this limit the dose?arrow_forwardThe ruins of the Chernobyl reactor are enclosed in a huge concrete structure built around it after the accident. Some rain penetrates the building in winter, and radioactivity from the building increases. What does this imply is happening inside?arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U . (b) What fraction of the mass of a single 238U is destroyed in the decay? The mass of 234Th is 234.043593 u. (c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?arrow_forwardData from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. There is more than one isotope of natural uranium. If a researcher isolates 1.00 mg of the relatively scarce 235U and finds this mass to have an activity of 80.0 Bq, what is its halflife in years?arrow_forward(a) A cancer patient is exposed to rays from a 5000Ci 60Co transillumination unit for 32.0 s. The rays are collimated in such a manner that only 1.00% of them strike the patient. Of those, 20.0% are absorbed in a tumor having a mass of 1.50 kg. What is the dose in rem to the tumor, it the average energy per decay is 1.25 MeV? None of the s from the decay reach the patient. (b) Is the dose consistent with stated therapeutic doses?arrow_forward
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