Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 49CTQ
Which muscle type(s) (skeletal, smooth, or cardiac) can regenerate new muscle cells/fibers? Explain your answer.
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Skeletal muscle cell(key terms: striated, contracting proteins, contractions, nucleus location)
The function (or job) of a muscle cell is:
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten
(contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above.
Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle
contracts vs. relaxes.
What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation?
Region / Structure
A-Band
H-Band
I-Band
M-Line
Z-Line
Zone of Overlap
Sarcomere
No change
Shortens
Lengthens
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Relaxation
Describe the process of skeletal muscle contraction, beginning with an action potential in a motor neuron and ending with the relaxation of the muscle. Your answer should include the following words: neuromuscular junction, T tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium, thin filaments, binding sites, thick filaments, sarcomere, Z disc, and active transport.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 10 - Watch this video...Ch. 10 - Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor...Ch. 10 - The release of calcium ions initiates muscle...Ch. 10 - Muscle that has a striped appearance is described...Ch. 10 - Which element is important in directly Triggering...Ch. 10 - Which of the following properties is not common to...Ch. 10 - The correct order for the smallest to the largest...Ch. 10 - Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________....Ch. 10 - In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on...Ch. 10 - According to the sliding filament model, binding...
Ch. 10 - The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called...Ch. 10 - Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. calcium...Ch. 10 - During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge...Ch. 10 - Thin and thick filaments are organized into...Ch. 10 - During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber...Ch. 10 - Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. buildup of...Ch. 10 - A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner...Ch. 10 - What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to...Ch. 10 - Dmg X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional sprinter are most...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional marathon runner are...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is true? Fast...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is false? Slow...Ch. 10 - Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in...Ch. 10 - If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from...Ch. 10 - Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements describes smooth...Ch. 10 - From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue...Ch. 10 - Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle...Ch. 10 - Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle...Ch. 10 - What would happen to skeletal muscle if the...Ch. 10 - Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.Ch. 10 - What are the five primary functions of skeletal...Ch. 10 - What are the opposite roles of voltage-gated...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if...Ch. 10 - What causes the striated appearance of skeletal...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP...Ch. 10 - Why does a motor unit of the eye have few muscle...Ch. 10 - What factors contribute to the amount of tension...Ch. 10 - Why do muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead...Ch. 10 - Is aerobic respiration more or less efficient than...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What would be the drawback of cardiac contractions...Ch. 10 - How are cardiac muscle cells similar to and...Ch. 10 - Why can smooth muscles conn act over a wider range...Ch. 10 - Describe the differences between single-unit...Ch. 10 - Why is muscle that has sustained significant...Ch. 10 - Which muscle type(s) (skeletal, smooth, or...
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- Compare and contrast the connective tissue types of loose, cartilage, dense, bone, and blood. Explain, in detail, the process of a muscle contraction at a microscopic level (including the sliding filament model). Please make sure responses are in your own words as possible as you can. Thanks for the help.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply. The muscle fibers are parallel to one another and have a striated appearance. They have more mitochondria than other types of muscle cells. Each fiber contains many units of contraction and protein filaments. Cells are branched or unbranched with single nuclei. It consists of cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have multiple nuclei.arrow_forwardAfter death, a person no longer makes ATP, and calcium stored in the specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. The result is rigor mortis—an unbreakable state of muscle contraction. Explain why the contraction occurs and why it is irreversible.arrow_forward
- Fill in the appropriate type(s) of muscle: Contracts rhythmically and spontaneously:_______ ;is controlled voluntarily:________ ; contains orderly arrangements of fibrous proteins, giving a striped appearance:_________ ; is under involuntary control:________; is found in the walls of the digestive tract:_______; moves the skeleton:________ .arrow_forwardIn an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardYou can choose one or more than one option About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY basi:. A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only tubules are plasma membrane imaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling Arginase is an enzyme that : BIOCHEMISTRY advanced is expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes shows two isoenzymes in mammals. found in the liver and other tissues catalyzes the formation of urea and ornithine from arginine. induces hyperammonemia when it is overexpressed is inhibited by basic amino acids such as lysine and ornithine.…arrow_forward
- Which of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply. --They are cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have multiple nuclei. --Skeletal muscle has more mitochondria than other types of muscle cells. --The muscle fibers parallel one another and have a striated appearance. --Cells are branched or unbranched with single nuclei. --Each fiber contains stacks of many units of contraction and protein filaments.arrow_forwardIndicate if the following statement is true or false and then provide a justification for your answer: Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possess thick and thin filaments. T/F + Justificationarrow_forwardMuscle hypertrophy refers to _______ while muscle atrophy refers to _______. "an increase in muscle strength and diameter, a decrease in muscle strength and diameter" "an increase in the number of motor units in a muscle, a decrease in the number of motor units in a muscle" "the effect of rest on muscle cells, the effect of endurance exercise on muscle cells" all of the above are correctarrow_forward
- Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forwardMuscle spindles :-a- are found in all skeletal musclesb- are found only in large skeletal musclesc- consist of small numbers of extrafusal muscle fibersd- consist of a large number of extrafusal muscle fibersarrow_forwardWhich of the following muscle types and characteristic is correctly matched? Group of answer choices Cardiac muscle : dense body anchoring proteins Skeletal muscle : varicosity at neuromuscular junctions Smooth muscle : Calcium-calmodulin regulation of myosin light chain kinase Cardiac muscle : calcium only from the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forward
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