Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 3RQ
What are the differences between the solidification of pure metals and metal alloys?
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Which ingot has greater mechanical resistance? Why? Explain in detail what occurred during solidification.
A molten drop of liquid metal which is in spherical form will solidify in 5 second . what is a solidification time of same molten drop with double the radius.
. A round casting is 0.2 m in diameter and 1 m in length. Another casting of the same metal iselliptical in cross section, with a major-to-minor axis ratio of 2, and has the same length andcross sectional area as the round casting. Both pieces are cast under the same conditions.What is the difference in the solidification times of the two castings?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 10 - Explain why casting is an important manufacturing...Ch. 10 - Why do most metals shrink when they are cast?Ch. 10 - What are the differences between the...Ch. 10 - What are dendrites? Why are they called so?Ch. 10 - Describe the difference between short and long...Ch. 10 - What is superheat? Is it important? What are the...Ch. 10 - Define shrinkage and porosity. How can you tell...Ch. 10 - What is the function of chills? What are they made...Ch. 10 - Why is the Reynolds number important in casting?Ch. 10 - What is a sprue? What shape should a sprue have if...
Ch. 10 - How is fluidity defined? Why is it important?Ch. 10 - Explain the reasons for hot tearing in castings.Ch. 10 - Why is it important to remove dross or slag during...Ch. 10 - Why is Bernoullis equation important in casting?Ch. 10 - Describe thixocasting and rheocasting.Ch. 10 - What is Chvorinovs Rule?Ch. 10 - How is a blister related to a scab?Ch. 10 - Is there porosity in a chocolate bar? In an ice...Ch. 10 - Describe the stages involved in the contraction of...Ch. 10 - Explain the effects of mold materials on fluid...Ch. 10 - It is known that pouring metal at a high rate into...Ch. 10 - Describe the events depicted in Fig. 10.5.Ch. 10 - Would you be concerned about the fact that...Ch. 10 - Review Fig. 10.8 and make a summary, explaining...Ch. 10 - Make a sketch of volume vs. temperature for a...Ch. 10 - What practical demonstrations can you suggest to...Ch. 10 - Explain why a casting may have to be subjected to...Ch. 10 - List and explain the reasons why porosity can...Ch. 10 - Why does porosity have detrimental effects on the...Ch. 10 - A spoked handwheel is to be cast in gray iron. In...Ch. 10 - Which of the following considerations are...Ch. 10 - Explain why the constant C in Eq. (10.7) depends...Ch. 10 - Are external chills as effective as internal...Ch. 10 - Explain why, as shown in Table 10.1, gray cast...Ch. 10 - Referring to Fig. 10.11, explain why internal...Ch. 10 - Note the shape of the two risers shown in Fig....Ch. 10 - Is there any difference in the tendency for...Ch. 10 - What is the influence of the cross-sectional area...Ch. 10 - It has long been observed that (a) low pouring...Ch. 10 - In casting metal alloys, what would you expect to...Ch. 10 - If you inspect a typical cube of ice, you are...Ch. 10 - How can you tell whether cavities in a casting are...Ch. 10 - Describe the drawbacks to having a riser that is...Ch. 10 - Reproduce Fig. 10.2 for a casting that is...Ch. 10 - List the process variables that affect the...Ch. 10 - Assume that you have a method of measuring...Ch. 10 - A round casting is 0.2 m (7.9 in.) in diameter and...Ch. 10 - A cylinder with a diameter of 2.0 in. and a height...Ch. 10 - The constant C in Chvorinovs rule is given as 2.5...Ch. 10 - Pure copper is poured into a sand mold. The metal...Ch. 10 - For the sprue described in Problem 10.58, what...Ch. 10 - When designing patterns for casting, pattern...Ch. 10 - Can you devise fluidity tests other than that...Ch. 10 - Figure P10.55 indicates various defects and...Ch. 10 - The fluidity test shown in Fig. 10.9 illustrates...Ch. 10 - Utilizing the equipment and materials available in...Ch. 10 - One method of relieving stress concentrations in a...Ch. 10 - Describe the effects on mold design, including the...Ch. 10 - Small amounts of slag often persist after skimming...Ch. 10 - Design an experiment to measure the constants C...
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- 2. Solidification is one of the most important processing techniques used in the manufacturing of materials. Discuss the solidification process in terms of its atomic arrangements, nucleation formation, and total free energy change. Why is undercooling required for solidification? Derive an equation showing the total free energy change as a function of undercooling when the nucleating solid has the critical nucleus radius r*What do the terms "primary" and "secondary" processing mean? Sketch a graph of the total free energy of the solid-liquid system changes with the size of the solid to improve your discussion.arrow_forward(b) What are the factors that affecting the freezing rate during solidification of the molten metal and evaluate why nearly all metals experience shrinkage during solidification process.arrow_forwardExplain how grain boundaries are formed upon solidification of metals.arrow_forward
- Solidification time of a metallic alloy casting is (a) Directly proportional to its surface area (b) Inversely proportional to the specific heat of the cast material (c) Inversely proportional to the thermal diffusively of the mould material (d) Inversely proportional to the pouring temparrow_forwardPlease do it correctly and step by step.arrow_forwardQ1/ In a homogeneous solidification process, assume molten metal solidifies into a spherical nucleus with a BCC structure. The given data are; lattice parameter (0.292 nm), the heat of fusion energy (1.85×10-9 J/m³), latent surface free energy (0.204 J/m²), critical radius (1-35 nm), equilibrium melting temperature (1516 K), and room temperature (27 °C). Calculate the following for this metal; (a) supercooling value temperature (b) activation tree energy (c) number of atoms in a nucleus of critical size.arrow_forward
- Translate the given information in your words, figures given below. Time-temperature cooling curve for the solidification of a small crucible of 50 percent antimony, 50% bismuth alloy.arrow_forwardThe relation between dendrite arm spacing (X) and the solidification time (t) is given by X Al" a. b. X At " X At " d X- At"arrow_forward2) Explain the reasons for shrinkage that occurs during solidification of a cylindrical casting What do you make for compensation of shrinkage depending on the casting operation?arrow_forward
- 2) The region showing planar growth during solidification near the fusion zone boundary will exhibit O High temperature gradient and high growth rate High temperature gradient and low growth rate Low temperature gradient and high growth rate O Low temperature gradient and low growth ratearrow_forwardPlease use phase diagram to explain why micro-segregation and macro-segregation happen during practical solidification.arrow_forwardQ12. What the difference between the solidification of pure metals and impure metals alloys?arrow_forward
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