Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781119662792
Author: Tortora, Gerard J., DERRICKSON, Bryan H.
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 10, Problem 3CTQ
Polio is a disease caused by a virus that can attack the somatic motor neurons in the central nervous system. Individuals who suffer from polio can develop muscle weakness and atrophy. In a certain percentage of cases, the individuals may die due to respiratory paralysis. Relate your knowledge of how muscle fibers function to the symptoms exhibited by infected individuals.
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Tetanus is a disease caused by Clostridium tetani characterized by muscle spasms. Just like the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, this toxin produced by C. tetani interferes with muscle contractions. Where botulina toxin causes paralysis, C. tetani toxin causes muscle spasms and painful contractions lasting minutes at a time. Additional symptoms include stiffness and rigidity of muscles. Using your knowledge of how muscles contract explain what steps within a muscle contraction are being interfered with to cause these symptoms?
Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious bacterial infection. Necrosis is the death of tissues in the body. Considering the organization of the connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle, explain how this infection could spread rapidly throughout the body.
Which of the following sentences is NOT correct?
A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle
B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length
C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream
D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is
stimulated to contract
Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 10 - To determine:
l. What features distinguish the...Ch. 10 - List the general functions of muscular tissue.Ch. 10 - 3. Describe the four properties of muscular...Ch. 10 - What types of fascia cover skeletal muscles?Ch. 10 - Why is a rich blood supply important for muscle...Ch. 10 - How are the structures of thin and thick filaments...Ch. 10 - What roles do contractile, regulatory, and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8CPCh. 10 - To determined
9. How does sareomere length...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 10 - Which ATP-producing reactions are aerobic and...Ch. 10 - To determine:
12. Which sources provide ATP during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13CPCh. 10 - Why is the term recovery oxygen uptake more...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15CPCh. 10 - What is motor unit recruitment?Ch. 10 - Prob. 17CPCh. 10 - Prob. 18CPCh. 10 - Prob. 19CPCh. 10 - Prob. 20CPCh. 10 - Prob. 21CPCh. 10 - On a cellular level, what causes muscle...Ch. 10 - What are the similarities among and differences...Ch. 10 - 24. What are the differences between visceral and...Ch. 10 - How are skeletal and smooth muscle similar? How do...Ch. 10 - 26. Which type of muscular tissue has the highest...Ch. 10 - Q. Which structures develop from myotomes,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 28CPCh. 10 - 29. Why do you think a healthy 30-year-old can...Ch. 10 - l. Weightlifter Jamal has been practicing many...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 10 - Polio is a disease caused by a virus that can...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forwardCharacteristics of smooth muscles fibers are: spindle shaped, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary spindle shaped, unbranched, multistriated, uninucleate and involuntary cylinderical, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary Cylindrical, unbranched, striated, multinucleate and involuntary Fat cells are characterized by: affected by starvation present in adults they are heat insulator they have signet ring appearance abundant mitochondriaarrow_forwardWhich statement or statements describe why depletion of ATP after death leads to rigor mortis? Select all that apply. ATP is required to move tropomyosin back over the active sites of thin filaments. ATP is required for myosin thick filaments to detach from actin thin filaments. ATP is required to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. ATP is required for the action potential to spread across the sarcolemma.arrow_forward
- A motor unit associated with the stimulation of skeletal muscle is designated as a 1:8 motor unit. Which of the following statements is correct? The motor unit consists of one somatic neuron and 8 myofibers (muscle fibers) Each of the myofibers in the motor unit is innervated by more than one neuron It is part of the autonomic nervous system The neuron in the motor unit is an afferent neuronarrow_forwardWhich statement or statements describe the role of calcium in the stimulation of muscle fibers? Select all that apply. When the action potential reaches the axon terminals of a neuron, calcium channels open and calcium floods into the axon terminal, triggering the release of synaptic vesicles. When calcium ions flood out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they bind troponin molecules and troponin removes tropomyosin from the active sites on thin filaments. When myosin thick filaments are walking along actin thin filaments (the cross bridge cycle), calcium ions must be available to bind to myosin so that it can let go of the thin filaments and take another "step". When synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of axon terminals, calcium is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the motor end plate.arrow_forwardCalmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only gets activated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds of contractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?arrow_forward
- One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding contraction of skeletal muscle cells is NOT true: (more than one answer may be correct) the myofibrils shorten the thick and thin filaments slide past one another the thin filaments shorten the sarcomeres shorten the thick filaments shortenarrow_forwardWhich of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply. The muscle fibers are parallel to one another and have a striated appearance. They have more mitochondria than other types of muscle cells. Each fiber contains many units of contraction and protein filaments. Cells are branched or unbranched with single nuclei. It consists of cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have multiple nuclei.arrow_forward
- The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forwardWith muscular dystrophy, the membrane of muscle cells is destroyed. Given how muscle cells contract, which of the following would fail to happen? Reuptake of acetylcholine by the muscle cells ) Reuptake of acetylcholine by lower motor neurons ) Action potential conduction on muscle cells Action potential conduction on the lower motor neuronsarrow_forwardFrom the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle). exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential injection of botulinum toxin calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium active sites on actin a permanently exposed dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase calcium cannot bind troponinarrow_forward
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