LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259285271
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Elizabeth Pennefather-O'Brien
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 2DCR
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The way by which the structure of myofilament is related to their function and sliding filament theory allows the muscle fibers to get shortened.
Introduction:
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles. The contraction and relaxation in the skeletal muscles enable the movement of body parts. The skeletal muscles consist of different types of motor units which regulate the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles.
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We move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.
Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope?
Group of answer choices
troponin
actin
myosin
dystrophin
Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a:
Group of answer choices
motor unit
myofibril
muscle fascicle
motor fascia
Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as:
Group of answer choices
fermentation
aerobic pathway
anaerobic pathway
ATP reserve use
Experimenters can separate F-actin thin myofilaments frommyosin thick myofilaments. First they homogenize musclecells in a blender (to break cell membranes); then they place thehomogenate in a Ca2+-free “relaxing solution” that contains ATP.Explain why ATP must be present and Ca2+ ions must not bepresent in order to isolate thick and thin myofilaments from eachother.
Chapter 10 Solutions
LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
Ch. 10 - What are the properties of muscle tissue?Ch. 10 - List and describe the connective tissue components...Ch. 10 - Describe how muscle attachments are organized to...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast myofibrils and myofilaments.Ch. 10 - Prob. 5WYLCh. 10 - Describe the structural relationship between a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 8WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 9WYLCh. 10 - List the three types of skeletal muscle fibers,...
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 12WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 13WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 14WYLCh. 10 - Prob. 15WYLCh. 10 - Describe smooth muscle cell structure. What are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1MCh. 10 - Prob. 1MCCh. 10 - Prob. 2MCCh. 10 - Prob. 3MCCh. 10 - The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is...Ch. 10 - In a skeletal muscle fiber, a triad is composed of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6MCCh. 10 - Prob. 7MCCh. 10 - Prob. 8MCCh. 10 - Prob. 9MCCh. 10 - Which of the following changes in skeletal muscles...Ch. 10 - Compare the roles of the three concentric layers...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2CRCh. 10 - Prob. 3CRCh. 10 - Prob. 4CRCh. 10 - Describe in your own words the events that occur...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6CRCh. 10 - Briefly describe the differences between muscle...Ch. 10 - Explain why athletes who excel at short sprints...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9CRCh. 10 - Describe the structure of intercalated discs in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1DCRCh. 10 - Prob. 2DCRCh. 10 - Prob. 3DCR
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- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardIn a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forward
- Describe what is happening overall in the first sentence. Then describe, in detail, what is happening in each step below. Include details about what is happening at steps 5 - 7 in terms of calcium and the contraction mechanism (from a different figure). (a) -Axon terminal of somatic motor neuron Muscle fiber ACh- potential Action Na+ Action potential- -Motor end plate- lell Ca2+ released Myosin thick filament 6 + + + ++arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a myofilament and a myofibril?arrow_forwardFor the following five events, which is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? 1. Tropomyosin shifts, exposing the myosin-binding sites on actin. 2. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to the troponin complex. 3. An action potential is propagated down the transverse tubules. 4. Cycles of myosin cross-bridge formation and breakdown cause the thin filaments to slide toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which triggers an action potential in a muscle fiber. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 → 5 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 4 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 5arrow_forward
- One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxationarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the “junction points” between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the “subunits” within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls” described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardWhich of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forward
- (1) The reading for today (Lieber and Ward, 2011) and your textbook describe the length-tension relationship of muscle, which can be explained by the figure below. Describe physiologically what is happening to explain the length-tension relationship, as shown by this figure. (a) 120 maximum tension (%) 100 80 60- 40 20 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 active (3) passive 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 length (um)arrow_forwardThe release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions.Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a)What are “T-tubules” and what is their role? (b) Pleasealso describe how actin-binding sites are made available forcross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.arrow_forwardMyosin filaments iterdigitate with actin filaments in order to bring about muscle contraction. Provide below the 5 steps that are required for Myosin to move along actin.arrow_forward
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