An Introduction to Physical Science
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079137
Author: James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 29SA
To determine
Terminology “splitting the atom”, once referred to fission is correct.
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The liquid drop model may be used to determine the nuclear binding energy for an isotope. This model uses the semiempirical binding energy formula, which takes into consideration four major effects (one term per effect) that contribute to the nuclear binding energy. The semiempirical binding energy formula may be expressed as:
Z(Z - 1)
C3
A1/3
(N – z)2
E, = C;A – C,A?/3
A
The first term is the volume term, the second is the surface term, the third is the Coulomb term, and the fourth is the symmetry term. For nuclei having A 2 15, the constants have the following values:
= 15.7 MeV, C, = 17.8 MeV, C3
= 0.71 MeV, and C.
= 23.6 MeV
56
(a) Use the semiempirical binding energy formula to determine the nuclear binding energy (in MeV) for the isotope
Fe.
26
MeV
(b) Determine the percentage contribution to the binding energy by each of the four terms. (You should expect positive and negative values, but the sum should be 100%. Due to the nature of this problem, do not use rounded intermediate…
The fission process in a reactor is represented by the equation below:
U235 + n1 = La148+ Br85 + 3n1.
If the elements in the above equation have the following atomic mass units (a.m.u ):
U235 =235.124, n1 =1.009 La148= 147.96 and Br85 = 84.938.
Given that mass of 1 a.m.u =1.67 x 10 -27 kg and 1.619 x 10-19 J = eV.
235g of Uranium contains 6.03 x 1023 atoms.
a.Calculate the mass of Uranium atom that will be converted into heat energy by the fission process.
b. Calculate the total amount of energy in MeV released during the fission process
c.Calculate the amount of energy in J that can be obtained from one kilogramme of Uranium during a fission process
A neutron in a star makes an elastic head-on collision with a carb on nucleus initially at rest. The mass of the carbon nucleus is 12 times the mass of the neutron mn = 1.7 ×10^−27kg. The initial kinetic energy of the neutron is 1.6 × 10^−13J.
a) Show that the final speed of the carbon nucleus, Vc, is given by (see image)
where vn is the initial speed of the neutron.
Chapter 10 Solutions
An Introduction to Physical Science
Ch. 10.1 - What original elements did Aristotle think...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1PQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.1CECh. 10.3 - Prob. 1PQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.2CECh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.3CECh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.4CE
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 10.5CECh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.6CECh. 10.4 - What quantities are conserved in nuclear...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.7CECh. 10.5 - Prob. 1PQCh. 10.5 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.5 - Prob. 10.8CECh. 10.6 - Where does nuclear fusion occur naturally?Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 10.9CECh. 10.7 - Prob. 1PQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10.8 - Prob. 1PQCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2PQCh. 10 - Prob. AMCh. 10 - Prob. BMCh. 10 - Prob. CMCh. 10 - Prob. DMCh. 10 - Prob. EMCh. 10 - Prob. FMCh. 10 - Prob. GMCh. 10 - Prob. HMCh. 10 - Prob. IMCh. 10 - Prob. JMCh. 10 - Prob. KMCh. 10 - Prob. LMCh. 10 - Prob. MMCh. 10 - Prob. NMCh. 10 - Prob. OMCh. 10 - Prob. PMCh. 10 - Prob. QMCh. 10 - Prob. RMCh. 10 - Prob. SMCh. 10 - Prob. TMCh. 10 - Prob. UMCh. 10 - Prob. VMCh. 10 - Prob. WMCh. 10 - Prob. XMCh. 10 - Prob. YMCh. 10 - Prob. ZMCh. 10 - Prob. 1MCCh. 10 - Prob. 2MCCh. 10 - Prob. 3MCCh. 10 - Prob. 4MCCh. 10 - Which radioactive decay mode does not result in a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6MCCh. 10 - Prob. 7MCCh. 10 - Prob. 8MCCh. 10 - How many half-lives would it take for a sample of...Ch. 10 - Which of the following is not conserved in all...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11MCCh. 10 - Prob. 12MCCh. 10 - Prob. 13MCCh. 10 - Which unit is most closely associated with the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15MCCh. 10 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 10 - The collective name for neutrons and protons in a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 10 - No stable nuclides exist that have Z greater than...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 10 - The amount of a radioactive isotope will have...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 10 - For an atomic bomb to explode, a(n) ____ mass is...Ch. 10 - In discussions of nuclear fusion reactions, the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 1SACh. 10 - Prob. 2SACh. 10 - Prob. 3SACh. 10 - Prob. 4SACh. 10 - Prob. 5SACh. 10 - What evidence is there to support the idea that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7SACh. 10 - Prob. 8SACh. 10 - Prob. 9SACh. 10 - Prob. 10SACh. 10 - Prob. 11SACh. 10 - Prob. 12SACh. 10 - Prob. 13SACh. 10 - Prob. 14SACh. 10 - Prob. 15SACh. 10 - Prob. 16SACh. 10 - Prob. 17SACh. 10 - After three half-lives have gone by, what fraction...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19SACh. 10 - Prob. 20SACh. 10 - Prob. 21SACh. 10 - Prob. 22SACh. 10 - Prob. 23SACh. 10 - Prob. 24SACh. 10 - Prob. 25SACh. 10 - Prob. 26SACh. 10 - Prob. 27SACh. 10 - Prob. 28SACh. 10 - Prob. 29SACh. 10 - Prob. 30SACh. 10 - Prob. 31SACh. 10 - Prob. 32SACh. 10 - Prob. 33SACh. 10 - Prob. 34SACh. 10 - Prob. 35SACh. 10 - Prob. 36SACh. 10 - Prob. 37SACh. 10 - Prob. 38SACh. 10 - Prob. 39SACh. 10 - Prob. 40SACh. 10 - Prob. 41SACh. 10 - Prob. 42SACh. 10 - Visualize the connections and give the nuclear...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1AYKCh. 10 - The technique of carbon-14 dating relies on the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3AYKCh. 10 - Prob. 4AYKCh. 10 - Prob. 5AYKCh. 10 - Fill in the nine gaps in this table.Ch. 10 - Fill in the nine gaps in this table.Ch. 10 - Prob. 3ECh. 10 - Prob. 4ECh. 10 - Prob. 5ECh. 10 - Prob. 6ECh. 10 - Prob. 7ECh. 10 - Actinium-225 (89225Ac) undergoes alpha decay. (a)...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9ECh. 10 - Prob. 10ECh. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - Prob. 13ECh. 10 - Prob. 14ECh. 10 - Prob. 15ECh. 10 - Prob. 16ECh. 10 - Prob. 17ECh. 10 - What is the half-life of thallium-206 if the...Ch. 10 - Use the graph in Fig. 10.24 to find the half-life...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20ECh. 10 - Prob. 21ECh. 10 - Prob. 22ECh. 10 - Prob. 23ECh. 10 - Prob. 24ECh. 10 - Prob. 25ECh. 10 - Prob. 26ECh. 10 - Prob. 27ECh. 10 - Prob. 28E
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- In the science section of the newspaper, an article reports the efforts of a group of scientists to create a new nuclear reactor based on the fission of iron (Fe). Is this a good idea?arrow_forwardQuestion 84 ."Radium being a member of the uranium series occurs in uranium ores. If the half lives of uranium and radium are respectively 4.5 x 109 and 1,620 years, calculate the relative proportions of these elements in a uranium ore, which has attained equilibrium and from which none of the radioactive products have escaped.?arrow_forwardRadon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive noble gas. Because it occurs naturally in soil, it can become trapped in homes and buildings. Despite a short half-life of only 3.83 days, high concentrations of radon indoors can pose a risk of lung cancer. (For this reason, many modern homes and buildings have radon reduction systems installed.) Consider an enclosed space in a building which contains 3.03 g of radon gas at time t = 0. What mass of radon (in g) will remain in this space after 2.20 days have passed? |9 Need Help? Read Itarrow_forward
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- Two nuclei having atomic numbers Z1 and Z2 approach each other with a total energy E. (a) When they are far apart, they interact only by electric repulsion. If they approach to a distance of 1.00 x 10-14 m, the nuclear force suddenly takes over to make them fuse. Find the minimum value of E, in terms of Z1 and Z2, required to produce fusion. (b) State how E depends on the atomic numbers. (c) If Z1 + Z2 is to have a certain target value such as 60, would it be energetically favorable to take Z1 = 1 and Z2 = 59, or Z1 = Z2 = 30, or some other choice? Explain your answer. (d) Evaluate from your expression the minimum energy for fusion for the D–D and D–T reactions (the first and third reactions in Eq. 43.35).arrow_forwardOne of the major observations of the nuclear line of stability is that heavy nuclei (Z > 16) that are stable have more neutrons than protons; this is in contrast to light nuclei where the proton and neutron number are the same. Explain why this is the case.arrow_forwardQ1) Plutonium-239 can undergo fission after absorbing neutron. If the fission products are Cesium-133 and Palladium-104. Determine the amount of energy released in the fission process. Use the following data: Atom or mass (amu) particle Cs-133 Pd-104 Pu-239 N 132.905 103.90403 239.05216 1.00867arrow_forward
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