Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 20Q
Define critical temperature and critical pressure. In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, why is it impossible for a substance to exist as a liquid above its critical temperature?
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pressure (atm)
1.2-
0.6-
0.
0
solid
liquid
200
gas
400
temperature (K)
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Suppose a small sample of pure X is held at 106. °C and 0.5 atm.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry
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- Describe the behavior of a liquid and its vapor in a closed vessel as the temperature increases.arrow_forwardUsing a phase diagram to predict phase at a given temperature... Study the following phase diagram of Substance X. pressure (atm) 1.2- 0.6 0. solid 200 liquid 400 temperature (K) Use this diagram to answer the following questions. gas 600 Suppose a small sample of pure X is held at 44. °C and 0.8 atm. What will be the state of the sample? Suppose the temperature is held constant at 44. °C but the pressure is decreased by 0.7 atm. What will happen to the sample? (choose one) ✓ (choose one) Suppose, on the other hand, the pressure is held constant at 0.8 atm but the temperature is decreased by 108. °C. What will happen to the (choose one) sample?arrow_forwardFor liquids, which of the factors affect vapor pressure? humidity volume intermolecular surface area temperaturearrow_forward
- Q- gopal Refer to the following phase diagram (not to scale!) for xenon:A sample of xenon at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 164 K is heated at constant pressure to a temperature of 188 K. Which of the following are true?Choose all that apply The sample is initially a solid. The liquid initially present will solidify. One or more phase changes will occur. The sample is initially a liquid. The final state of the substance is a gas.arrow_forwardRecognize the features of molecules that favor formation of liquid crystalline phases?arrow_forwardExplain the relationship between intermolecular forces, vapor pressure, and boiling point.arrow_forward
- Substance X is known to exist at 1 atm in the solid, liquid, or vapor phase, depending on the temperature. Additionally, the values of these other properties of X I have been determined: melting point enthalpy of fusion temperature (°C) 120- 110- 100- 90- 80 70- 60- You may also assume X behaves as an ideal gas in the vapor phase. Suppose a small sample of X at 20 °C is put into an evacuated flask and heated at a constant rate until 10.0 kJ/mol of heat has been added to the sample. Graph the temperature of the sample that would be observed during this experiment. density 50+ 40 30- 20 65. °C 10.00 kJ/mol 3 2.80 g/cm³ (solid) 2.30 g/mL (liquid) 0 heat added (kJ/mol) 8 9 boiling point enthalpy of vaporization 10 heat capacity P 100. °C X 21.00 kJ/mol -1 38. J K mol (solid) 29. J.K¹ mol 48. J.K¹ mol 1 (liquid) (vapor) 2 00 ola Ar Barrow_forward1. The molecules are in a more disorderly motion as the system goes from the gas to liquid to the solid phase. A. True B. False 2. X-ray diffraction makes use of microwave to look into the structures of crystals. A. True B. False 3. Alcohols such as methanol and ethanol have much higher boiling points than would be eexpected from their molar masses because of the polar O-H bonds in these molecules, which produce hydrogen bonding. A. True B. False 4. The concave shape of the meniscus shows that water's adhesive forces toward the glass are weaker than its cohesive forces. A. True B. False 5. Given that the solid/liquid boundary line for water's phase diagram has a negative slope, the melting point of ice increases as the external pressure increases. A. True B. False 6. The higher density of ice means that ice formed on rivers and lakes will float, providing a layer of insulation that helps prevent bodies of water from freezing solid in the winter. A. True B. False 7. An alcoholic drink…arrow_forwardAt what range of pressure will water be a liquid at temperatures above its normal boiling point?arrow_forward
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