To calculate: The free energy change for glucose to enter into cells at the given concentration.
Concept introduction: The free energy change for moving a substance across a membrane depends upon the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. In case of ions, the free energy change depends upon the membrane potential. A random distribution of molecules is an energy-rich condition because when all the concentrations are equal, the free energy change is minimized. Free energy change is denoted as ΔG.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation:
The extracellular concentration of glucose is 5mM = 0.005M.
The intracellular concentration of glucose is 3mM = 0.003M.
The free energy change
Here,
R is the gas constant = 8.3145 J · K-1· mol-1.
T is the temperature = 298K.
Substitute the given values in Equation (1).
Conclusion:
The free energy change for glucose to enter into cells at the given concentration is -1.27kJ · mol-1.
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