Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 18P
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The bond angles and geometry of the highlighted atom needs to be predicted using the VSEPR model.
Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR model, geometry and bond angles of an atom can be determined from its hybridization which can be determined from the number of bond pairs and lone pair of electrons associated with it.
The Lewis structure of compound plays an important role here as it involves the arrangement of valence electrons which tells about the actual number of bond pair and lone pair present in an atom.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The bond angles about each highlighted atom needs to be predicted using the VSEPR model.
Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR model, geometry and bond angles of an atom can be determined from its hybridization which can be determined from the number of bond pairs and lone pair of electrons associated with it.
The Lewis structure of compound plays an important role here as it involves the arrangement of valence electrons which tells about the actual number of bond pair and lone pair present in an atom.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The bond angles about each highlighted atom needs to be predicted using the VSEPR model.
Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR model, geometry and bond angles of an atom can be determined from its hybridization which can be determined from the number of bond pairs and lone pair of electrons associated with it.
The Lewis structure of compound plays an important role here as it involves the arrangement of valence electrons which tells about the actual number of bond pair and lone pair present in an atom.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 10.1QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.2QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.3QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.4QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.5QCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 10.6QCCh. 10 - Prob. 1PCh. 10 - Prob. 2PCh. 10 - 10-9 Is there any difference between vanillin made...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4P
Ch. 10 - 10-11 What important experiment did Wohler carry...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PCh. 10 - Prob. 7PCh. 10 - Prob. 8PCh. 10 - 10-15 How many electrons are in the valence shell...Ch. 10 - 10-16 What is the relationship between the number...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - Prob. 12PCh. 10 - 10-19 Write Lewis structures for these ions. (a)...Ch. 10 - 10-20 Why are the following molecular formulas...Ch. 10 - 10-21 Explain how to use the valence-shell...Ch. 10 - 10-22 Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - Prob. 20PCh. 10 - 10-27 What is meant by the term functional group?Ch. 10 - 10-28 List three reasons why functional groups are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 23PCh. 10 - Prob. 24PCh. 10 - Prob. 25PCh. 10 - 10-32 Draw a structural formula for the one...Ch. 10 - 10-33 What is the meaning of the term tertiary (...Ch. 10 - Prob. 28PCh. 10 - Draw structural formulas for each of the...Ch. 10 - 10-36 Draw structural formulas for the six ketones...Ch. 10 - 10-37 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 32PCh. 10 - 10-39 (Chemical Connections 10A) How was Taxol...Ch. 10 - Prob. 34PCh. 10 - Prob. 35PCh. 10 - Silicon is immediately below carbon in Group 4A of...Ch. 10 - 10-43 Phosphorus is immediately below nitrogen in...Ch. 10 - Draw the structure for a compound with the...Ch. 10 - 10-45 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 40PCh. 10 - 10-47 Which of these covalent bonds are polar, and...Ch. 10 - Of the bonds in Problem 10-47, which is the most...Ch. 10 - Prob. 43PCh. 10 - Prob. 44PCh. 10 - Following is a structural formula for naphthalene....Ch. 10 - Prob. 46PCh. 10 - Prob. 47PCh. 10 - Urea, (NH.,)2CO, is used in plastics and in fertil...Ch. 10 - Prob. 49PCh. 10 - Prob. 50PCh. 10 - Aspirin is prepared by the reaction of salicylic-...Ch. 10 - Following is the structural formula of acetamide....Ch. 10 - Prob. 53P
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- In Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations called carbocations. Following is the structure of one such carbocation, the tert-butyl cation. (a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (b) Using VSEPR, predict the bond angles about this carbon. (c) Given the bond angle you predicted in (b), what hybridization do you predict for this carbon?arrow_forwardPlease fill in the blank ! In part B, the difference is that the molecules have more than one atom with two or more attached neighbors. As molecules become larger and more complex, VSEPR theory does not attempt to create names for the overall geometries that result. Instead, we continue to consider the geometry about one central atom at a time. By giving the arrangement about each such atom in the larger structure, we can generate enough information to develop an overall picture. Thus, in your report for part B, you should determine which atoms have more than one bound neighbor, then repeat the procedure for part A. When deciding whether the molecules in part B are polar or nonpolar, focus on the molecule as a whole, not the geometry about a single atom. If the molecule is polar, draw a dipole arrow on your sketch indicating polarity.arrow_forwardDescribe each highlighted bond in terms of the overlap of atomic orbitals. (If the highlighted bond is not a pi bond, select the blank option from the dropdown menu.)arrow_forward
- 14. While there are only a few basic VSEPR shapes based on electron geometry, many different VSEPR shapes can arise from different combinations of peripheral atoms and lone pairs. One such shape is the see-saw, which happens when you have a molecule of the general form AXE (where A is the central atom, X is a peripheral atom, and E is a lone pair of electrons). Draw a molecule that would have a see-saw shape (it's not important whether the molecule technically exists, but that it could exist based on the valence electrons of its atoms).arrow_forwardSketch BeH2 showing the orbitals and any overlapping orbitals to indicate covalent bonds. Also, label all bonds using sigma or pi notation followed by the type of overlapping orbitals.arrow_forwardDraw a bond-line structure that best matches the molecule below. (White = hydrogen; yellow = fluorine; green = chlorine; red = bromine)arrow_forward
- Explain what is wrong with each molecular geometry and provide the correct molecular geometry, given the numbers of lone pairs and bonding groups on the central atom. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. a bent a trigonal bipyramidal an octahedral a trigonal planar a square planar a trigonal pyramidal a tetrahedral a seesaw a linear In structure (a), four pairs of electrons give cause lone pair-bonded pair repulsions and would have Reset electron geometry. The lone pair would molecular geometry. Help In structure (b), five pairs of electrons give electron geometry. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position to minimize lone pair-bonded pair repulsions, and the molecule would have molecular geometry. In structure (c), six pairs of electrons give electron geometry. The two lone pairs would occupy opposite positions to minimize lone pair-lone pair repulsions, and the molecule would have molecular geometry.arrow_forwardTable 2: Complete this table with your partner. You may ask the instructor to check your work. Formula Lewis structure Molecular geometry around central atoms(s) and name Polar or nonpolar, Draw dipole arrow Hybridization of each atom Orbitals involved in each bond XeCl2 CIF CH;CN SEF3 SF,Cl2 of each atom y dipole arrowarrow_forwardFor each of the following molecules (in which the central atom is underlined), classify it according to the AXnEm nomenclature of the VSEPR theory, draw the 3-dimensional structure, showing all valence shell electrons of all atoms, draw the net dipole moment vector (if one exists) on the structure diagram, name the hybrid atomic orbitals used by the central atom for σ bonding and name the orbitals used by the central atom for π bonding (if applicable). Molecule or Ion SbOCl3 ArOF4 a. AXE formula b. 3-dimensional structure c. Indicate the net dipole moment vector (if any) on this diagram. d. σ- bonding orbitals used by the central atom e. π-bonding orbitals used by the central atomarrow_forward
- Number of lone pairs of electrons associated with central atom (LP) +Lewis Structure Diagram Number of electron groups associated with the central atom (EG) Geometric arrangement (GA) Molecular shape (MS) Bond angle(s) Hybridization Number of sigma bonds (a) -- Single Bond Number of bonds () -- Double bonds/ Triple bonds Overall dipole (yes/no ---- if yes, include below) 3D drawing SF6 PCI 3 H₂Sarrow_forwardPFClH specific geometry, lewis structure, polar or nonpolar, and type of hybridization you would expect for the central atom.Prove your answer by drawing the correct orbital diagram of the central atom and assigning the bonds and lone pairs.arrow_forwardCalculate the number of valence electrons Molecule # 5 SiF?- Draw the Lewis Structure below Draw the three-dimensional structure of the molecule using the "wedge and dash" notation. The molecular geometry is: This molecule is polar nonpolar (Circle your choice.) Our logic for this choice is: The formal charge on Si is The formal charge on F is The hybridization of Si is Estimate F-Si-F bond angle Molecule # 6 CC2F2 Draw the Lewis Structure below Calculate the number of valence electrons Draw the three-dimensional structure of the molecule using the "wedge and dash" notation. The molecular geometry is: This molecule is polar nonpolar (Circle your choice.) Our logic for this choice is: The formal charge on C is The formal charge on Cl/F is The hybridization of C is Estimate F-C-Cl bond anglearrow_forward
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