Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1, Problem 8CONQ
Your textbook describes how the detrimental symptoms associated with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) are caused by a faulty gene. Even so, a change in diet can prevent these symptoms. Pick a trait in your favorite plant and explain how genetics and the environment may play important roles.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-
gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the
production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about
gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple
concept?
Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too.
Some genes code for RNA molecules only.
Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more
than one gene.
a and c, but not b
a, b, and c
Consider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA
produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein.
What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts.
Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma.
x
5
I believe that there are many good things that can come out of people getting to design their baby’s genetic material. But there are also many bad things as well. From the article by Bio medical about the pros and cons of having a designer baby it states that a pro is that this type of engineering can “ might help prevent genetic diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s Disease, down syndrome, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, and many others”. I think that it is great that we could get rid of Alzheimer’s due to how destructive it can be to the people that suffer it. But I think the other diseases that it can eliminate is horrible due to them making our world a more unique place such as people with autism, Down syndrome. By doing this it could eliminate the whole population of people with disabilities community and make everyone “normal”. Another bad that I found in the article Ethics of designer babies which states that a major flaw for these babies is “designer baby technologies suggest…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 1.1 - 1. Which of the following is not a constituent of...Ch. 1.1 - 2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the...Ch. 1.1 - The function of the genetic code is to a. promote...Ch. 1.1 - The process of transcription directly results in...Ch. 1.2 - Gene expression can be viewed at which of the...Ch. 1.2 - 2. Variation in the traits of organisms may be...Ch. 1.2 - 3. A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes. A human...Ch. 1.2 - 4. Evolutionary change caused by natural selection...Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following is not a model organism? a....Ch. 1.3 - A person studying the rate of transcription of a...
Ch. 1.4 - The scientific method involves which of the...Ch. 1 - Pick any example of a genetic technology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 1 - Most genes encode proteins. Explain how the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 1 - Your textbook describes how the detrimental...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 1 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 1 - 13. With regard to biological evolution, which of...Ch. 1 - 14. What are the primary interests of researchers...Ch. 1 - What is a genetic cross?Ch. 1 - Prob. 2EQCh. 1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 1 - 4. Many organisms are studied by geneticists. Do...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5EQ
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- Being able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forwardA series of people are found to have difficulty eliminating certain types of drugs from their bloodstreams. The problem has been linked to a gene X, which encodes an enzyme Y. Six people were tested with the use of various techniques of molecular biology. Person A is a normal control, person B is asymptomatic but some of his children have the metabolic problem, and persons C through F display the trait. Tissue samples from each person were obtained. Southern analysis was performed on the DNA after digestion with the restriction enzyme Hin dIII. Northern analysis of mRNA also was done. In both types of analysis, the gels were probed with labeled X cDNA. Finally, a western blot with an enzyme-linked monoclonal antibody was used to test for the presence of protein Y. The results are shown here. Why is person B without symptoms? Suggest possible defects in the other people.arrow_forward
- Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual, irreversible impairment of psychological, motor, and cognitive functions. Symptoms typically appear in middle age, but onset can occur at almost any age, and the course of the disease can range from 15 to 20 years. The molecular basis of HD is becoming better understood, and the genetic mutation has been traced to a gene that encodes a large protein of unknown function. In individuals who will not develop HD, a region of the gene that encodes the N-terminus of this protein has a sequence of CAG codons (for glutamine) repeated 6 to 39 times in succession. In individuals with adult-onset HD, this codon (3 nucleotides) is typically repeated 40 to 55 times In those with childhood-onset HD, it is repeated more than 70 times. *codon: refers to the 3 nucleotides that code for amino acid. A small portion of the coding sequence of the HD gene is given below. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA is…arrow_forwardThe protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make certain types of pigments. Tyrosinase is composed of a single polypeptide with 511amino acids. The molecular mass of this protein is approximately61,300 Da, or 61.3 kDa. People who carry two defective copies ofthe tyrosinase gene have the condition known as albinism. They areunable to make pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair. Western blottingis used to detect proteins that are translated from a particularmRNA. This method is described in Chapter 20 and also in experimentalquestion E4. Skin samples were collected from a pigmentedindividual (lane 1) and from three unrelated albino individuals(lanes 2, 3, and 4) and subjected to a Western blot analysis using anantibody that recognizes tyrosinase.arrow_forwardGene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transitionarrow_forward
- A hereditary disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The wild-type allele of the disease gene produces a mature mRNA that is 1250 nucleotides (nt) long. Molecular analysis shows that the mature mRNA consists of four exons that measure 400 nt (exon 1), 320 nt (exon 2), 230 nt (exon 3), and 300 nt (exon 4). A mother and father with two healthy children and two children with the disease have northern blot analysis performed. The results of the northern blot for each family member are shown below. a) Identify the genotype of each family member, using the size of mRNAs to indicate each allele. (For example, a person who is homozygous wild type is 1250/1250). b) Based on your analysis, what is the most likely molecular abnormality causing the disease allele?arrow_forwardThe table below shows different types of mutations in different positions in four genes. Choose the letter (A to E), from the drop-down menu, that represents the most likely type of protein that will be produced from each of these mutated genes. A: completely normal protein B: functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal C: non-functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal D: non-functional protein with MANY amino acids different from normal E: no protein at all Answer Type of mutation Position of mutation in gene (A, B, C, D, or E) before the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme 2 base pair insertion Inonsense immediately before the stop codon in the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme silent 1 base pair insertion in an intronarrow_forwardOriginal DNA Sequence: TACAC CTTGG CGACGACT... MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated DNA Sequence #5 TACACCTT G G GACGACT... (Highlight the change) What's the mRNA sequence? What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? 2. Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequence? 3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? NOarrow_forward
- After graduating from UNC Charlotte with the BS in Biology, you get a job with an agro-chemical company and are assigned to a lab that is exploring the use of a newly synthesized compound that may be a possible insecticide. The compound is thought to control insect populations by disrupting the genes that control embryonic development. Your lab conducts an experiment to investigate the influence of the compound on developmental genes by measuring the levels of the proteins the genes code for. You measure protein levels in two groups of insect eggs: the Treatment Group, which is exposed to the compound, and the Control Group, which is exposed to a compound that is known to have no negative effects on gene activity. Your results are shown below. In all graphs, the Control group exhibits normal levels of proteins and gene expression. (Remeber: P > 0.05 means the observed differences are not significant; P < 0.05 means the differences are significant and biologically meaningful).…arrow_forwardAfter graduating from UNC Charlotte with the BS in Biology, you get a job with an agro-chemical company and are assigned to a lab that is exploring the use of a newly synthesized compound that may be a possible insecticide. The compound is thought to control insect populations by disrupting the genes that control embryonic development. Your lab conducts an experiment to investigate the influence of the compound on developmental genes by measuring the levels of the proteins the genes code for. You measure protein levels in two groups of insect eggs: the Treatment Group, which is exposed to the compound, and the Control Group, which is exposed to a compound that is known to have no negative effects on gene activity. Your results are shown below. In all graphs, the Control group exhibits normal levels of proteins and gene expression. (Remeber: P > 0.05 means the observed differences are not significant; P < 0.05 means the differences are significant and biologically meaningful).…arrow_forwardAfter graduating from UNC Charlotte with the BS in Biology, you get a job with an agro-chemical company and are assigned to a lab that is exploring the use of a newly synthesized compound that may be a possible insecticide. The compound is thought to control insect populations by disrupting the genes that control embryonic development. Your lab conducts an experiment to investigate the influence of the compound on developmental genes by measuring the levels of the proteins the genes code for. You measure protein levels in two groups of insect eggs: the Treatment Group, which is exposed to the compound, and the Control Group, which is exposed to a compound that is known to have no negative effects on gene activity. Your results are shown below. In all graphs, the Control group exhibits normal levels of proteins and gene expression. (Remeber: P > 0.05 means the observed differences are not significant; P < 0.05 means the differences are significant and biologically meaningful).…arrow_forward
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