Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways: (1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body. (2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body. If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development.   A) acquired     B) inherited     C) silent     D) transition

define the term name as Missense mutations

Mutations within the genes for ARSs, are known to be cause certain human maladies, such as the neurodegenerative disorder Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease along with other central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Interestingly, not all those who possess mutations within specific ARS genes do not display the disease phenotype. Provide at least one reason why a person might survive. Remember, do not just name a concept. Describe the concept and then explain WHY (on a molecular level) this explanation holds true.

Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual? The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age The genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cell The mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancer O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cell

Daisy inherits a mutation from her mother that results in the phenotype of red hair. Evegny acquires a mutation in a cell in his pancreas as a result of exposure to high levels of radiation. What is the difference between these two mutations? Which of these two individuals will pass their mutation to offspring? Because Daisy's and Evegny's mutations are both found in somatic cells, neither Daisy nor Evegny will pass their mutation to their children. Daisy's mutation is in both somatic and germline cells, while Evegny's is only in a small number of somatic cells. Only Daisy will pass on her mutation. Evegny's mutation is in somatic cells, while Daisy's is in somatic and germline cells. Only Evegny will pass the mutation to his children. While these two mutations originate from different sources, both Daisy and Evegny can pass their mutations to their children. 0000.

Bloom Syndrome Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is characterized by a short stature and a long narrow face with prominent nose and ears. There is also an increased sensitivity to light. People who have the disorder often develop rashes on their face, forearms, and hands when they have been exposed to the sun. In addition, these people often suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and have a higher chance of developing cancer. The cause of this genetic disorder is a mutation in the BLM gene located on chromosome 15. The immediate effect of this mutation is that there is a defect in the functioning of the DNA helicase enzyme. The location of this gene on the chromosome is indicated above (yellow arrow). What is the effect of this mutation on DNA replication?  What stage of the cell cycle would be most affected?

(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?

A. In practice, U.S. [ Select ] ["eugenics", "gene therapy", "recombinant DNA", "population genetics", "cloning", "reciprocal exchange"] laws were used to target behaviors such as alcoholism, “immorality”, or even repeated running away from home. B. For the most part, cancer is[ Select ]["a genetic", "an infectious", "very rare"] disease of [ Select ]["germ", "genetically engineered", "somatic"]cells that is caused by [ Select ]["mutations in multiple different genes", "a single gene mutation"]

How do silent mutations generally affect the function of the protein encoded by the mutated gene? They generally do not affect protein function They always result in a nonfunctional protein They always lead to a gain of function They always lead to a loss of function

Identify the following sources of induced mutations, all of which increase the rate of mutation in human body cells. Choose between physical mutagens and chemical mutagens for each). Radiation exposures from airport security and during high altitude air travel.  Answer Ingredients such as toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail polish. Answer Exposure to BPA by heating up food wrapped in plastic wraps in microwaves. Answer Obtaining a base tan at a tanning salon prior to a beach vacation. Answer