Chemistry
Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073402734
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
Question
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Chapter 1, Problem 85AP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total mass of sodium chloride in the given sample of sea water in kilograms and in tons is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In order to convert from one unit to another, there are certain relationships between those units. These relationships are called conversion factors.

Dimensional analysis is used to set up and solve a unit conversion problem using conversion factors.

The appropriate conversion factor for any equality is selected in such a way that it results in the proper unit cancellation.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 85AP

Solution: 4.8×1019 kg and 5.3×1016 tons

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

The volume of seawater is  1.5×1021 L.

The seawater contains 3.1% sodium chloride by mass.

1 ton=2000 lb

1 lb=453.6 g.

The total amount of sodium chloride present in 1.5×1021 L seawater can be evaluated as follows:

Density=massvolume(1.03g1 mL)=Mass of NaCl1.5×1021L(1.03g1 mL)=Mass of NaCl1.5×1021L

Mass of NaCl=(1.03g1 mL)×(1.5×1021 L×(1000 mL1 L)3.1% mass of  NaCl=(1.03g1 mL)×(1.5×1021 L)×(1000 mL1 L)×(3.1 g NaCl100 g)

Amount of NaCl=(1.03 g1.0 mL)(1.5×1021 L)(1000 mL1 L)(3.1 gNaCl100 g)=4.8×1022 g

Hence, the total amount of sodium chloride present in the seawater is 4.8×1022 g.

Convert grams into kilograms by using the following conversion factor:

Mass of NaCl=(4.8×1022 g)(1 kg1000 g)=4.8×1019 kg

Hence, the mass of sodium chloride in kilograms is 4.8×1019 kg.

One pound is equivalent to 453.6 g.

One ton is equivalent to 2000 lb.

Convert the mass of sodium chloride in tons as follows:

Mass of NaCl=(4.8×1022 g)(1 lb453.6 g)(1 ton2000 lb)=5.3×1016 tons

Conclusion

The total mass of sodium chloride in kilograms and in tonsin the given sample of sea water is calculated to be 4.8×1019 kg and 5.3×1016 tons, respectively.

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Chapter 1 Solutions

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