Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079113
Author: David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 26P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The mass of fluorine atom needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:The
The conversion factor used to convert atomic mass in amu to grams as follows:
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Principles of Modern Chemistry
Ch. 1 - Classify the following materials as substances or...Ch. 1 - Classify the following materials as substances or...Ch. 1 - A 17th-century chemist wrote of the “simple bodies...Ch. 1 - Since 1800, almost 200 sincere but erroneous...Ch. 1 - A sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is...Ch. 1 - A sample of a compound synthesized and purified in...Ch. 1 - Nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) form two binary...Ch. 1 - Iodine (I) and fluorine (F) form a series of...Ch. 1 - Vanadium (V) and oxygen (O) form a series of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11PCh. 1 - Prob. 12PCh. 1 - Pure nitrogen dioxide (NO2) forms when dinitrogen...Ch. 1 - Gaseous methanol (CH3OH) reacts with oxygen (O2)...Ch. 1 - In J. J. Thompson’s experiment depicted in Figures...Ch. 1 - In the problem 15 above, what is vy , the...Ch. 1 - The natural abundances and isotopic masses of the...Ch. 1 - The natural abundances and isotopic masses of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 19PCh. 1 - More than half of all the atoms in naturally...Ch. 1 - The isotope of plutonium used for nuclear fission...Ch. 1 - The last “missing” element from the first six...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23PCh. 1 - In 1982, the production of a single atom of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 25PCh. 1 - Prob. 26PCh. 1 - Compute the relative molecular masses of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 28PCh. 1 - Suppose that a person counts out gold atoms at the...Ch. 1 - A gold atom has a diameter of 2.881010m . Suppose...Ch. 1 - The vitamin A molecule has the formula C20H30O ,...Ch. 1 - Arrange the following in order of increasing mass:...Ch. 1 - Mercury is traded by the “flask,” a unit that has...Ch. 1 - Gold costs $400 per troy ounce, and...Ch. 1 - Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) occurs in nature as a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 36PCh. 1 - Soft wood chips weighing 17.2 kg are placed in an...Ch. 1 - In a reproduction of the Millikan oil-drop...Ch. 1 - A rough estimate of the radius of a nucleus is...Ch. 1 - In a neutron star, gravity causes the electrons to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 41APCh. 1 - Naturally occurring rubidium (Rb) consists of two...Ch. 1 - A sample of a gaseous binary compound of boron and...
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- Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes: 0.3336% 36Ar, 0.063% 38Ar, and 99.60% 40Ar. Estimate the average atomic mass of argon. If the masses of the isotopes are 35.968 u, 37.963 u, and 39.962 u, respectively, calculate the average atomic mass of natural argon.arrow_forwardThere are 2.619 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of sodium. Assume that sodium atoms are spheres of radius 1.86 and that they are lined up side by side. How many miles in length is the line of sodium atoms?arrow_forwardWhen a sample of phosphorus burns in air, the compound P4O10 forms. One experiment showed that 0.744 g of phosphorus formed 1.704 g of P4O10. Use this information to determine the ratio of the atomic weights of phosphorus and oxygen (mass P/mass O). If the atomic weight of oxygen is assumed to be 16.000, calculate the atomic weight of phosphorus.arrow_forward
- Chlorine has two isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. Their abundances are 75.53% and 24.47%, respectively. Assume that the only hydrogen isotope present is H-1. (a) How many different HCI molecules are possible? (b) What is the sum of the mass numbers of the two atoms in each molecule? (c) Sketch the mass spectrum for HCI if all the positive ions are obtained by removing a single electron from an HCI molecule.arrow_forwardMass spectrometric analysis showed that there are four isotopes of an unknown element having the following masses and abundances: Three elements in the periodic table that have atomic weights near these values are lanthanum (La), atomic number 57, atomic weight 138.9055; cerium (Ce), atomic number 58, atomic weight 140.115; and praseodymium (Pr), atomic number 59, atomic weight 140.9076. Using the data above, calculate the atomic weight, and identify the element if possible.arrow_forwardEarly tables of atomic weights (masses) were generated by measuring the mass of a substance that reacts with 1.00 g of oxygen. Given the following data and taking the atomic mass of hydrogen as 1.00, generate a table of relative atomic masses for oxygen, sodium, and magnesium. Element Mass That Combines with 1.00g Oxygen Assumed Formula Hydrogen 0.126 g HO Sodium 2.875 g NaO Magnesium 1.500 g MgO How do your values compare with those in the periodic table? How do you account for any differences?arrow_forward
- The mass spectrum of bromine (Br2) consists of three peaks with the following characteristics: Mass (u) Relative Size 157.84 0.2534 159.84 0.5000 161.84 0.2466 How do you interpret these data?arrow_forwardHere are three fictitious elements and a molecular view of the atoms that compose them. The molar mass of the middle element, (b), is 25 grams per dozen (g/doz). (The atoms of these fictitious elements are much larger than ordinary atoms.) Based on the size of the atoms, do you expect the atomic masses of elements (a) and (c) to be greater than or less than (b)? How many atoms are present in 175 g of element (b)?arrow_forwardClick on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the Mix Isotopes tab, hide the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes, and then select the element boron. Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts. Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice. Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes from their bins or click on More and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts. Reveal the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes. How well does your mixture match with your prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction. Select Nature’s mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction compare with the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match Nature’s amounts as closely as possible. 21. Repeat Exercise 2.20 using an element that has three naturally occurring isotopes.arrow_forward
- Calculate the atomic mass of each of the following elements using the given data for the percentage abundance and mass of each isotope. a. Silver: 51.82% 107Ag (106.9 amu) and 48.18% 109Ag (108.9 amu) b. Silicon: 92.21% 28Si (27.98 amu), 4.70% 29Si (28.98 amu), and 3.09% 30Si (29.97 amu)arrow_forwardThe mass spectrum of phosphoryl chloride. POF3, is illustrated here. (a) Identify the cation fragment at a m/Z ratio of 85. (b) Identify the cation fragment at a m/Z ratio of 69. (c) Which two peaks in the mass spectrum provide evidence that the oxygen atom is connected to the phosphorus atom and is not connected to any of the three fluorine atoms?arrow_forwardThe element europium exists in nature as two isotopes: 151Eu has a mass of 150.9196 u and 153Eu has a mass of 152.9209 u. The average atomic mass of europium is 151.96 u. Calculate the relative abundance of the two europium isotopes.arrow_forward
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