Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 1AWK
A magician has a coin that he says (hypothesizes) has heads on both sides, but he's unwilling to show you both sides. To convince you, he flips it three times and gets heads each time. Do you believe that the coin has two heads? What if he gets heads 10 times in a row? 100 times? What would it take (by coin flip) to prove that the coin does not have two heads? With this example, explain the difference between having relative confidence in the truth of a hypothesis, proving it to be true, and proving it to be false.
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Two groups of participants read a description of a person called Mark, who was described as shy, introverted and good at mathematics. They were asked how likely each of the following statements were: a) That Mark is male; and b) That Mark is male and works as a software engineer. The group rated b) as more likely than a). In reality a) is more likely than b) because given his name, Mark has a very high probability of being a man. The combined probability of him being both a man and a software engineer must of course be lower.
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The following is an excerpt from a discussion of Principlism, which we have studied. (https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/principlism)
Consider, for example, the question of what health professionals should do when they discover that a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is having unprotected sex with partners who are ignorant of his condition. First, respect for the patient's autonomy supports a policy of medical confidentiality, requiring health professionals not to reveal to others private information discovered in the course of caring for patients. According to this policy, health professionals should do nothing to warn the sexual partners of their HIV-positive patient, as doing so would violate his confidentiality. Second, if there is evidence that public disclosure of the patient's condition would harm him economically, socially, psychologically, or physically, the principle of nonmaleficence would also urge…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 1 - What should medical professionals, politicians, or...Ch. 1 - Will you vaccinate your children? Why or why not?...Ch. 1 - Living things have a different molecular...Ch. 1 - Explain the meaning of the term homeostasis.Ch. 1 - Name four features that together contribute to our...Ch. 1 - Describe the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 1 - Discuss the role of scientists in helping us solve...Ch. 1 - To which of the following domains of life do...Ch. 1 - To which of the following domains do unicellular...Ch. 1 - New scientific knowledge is gained through a...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYCh. 1 -
5. A broad hypothesis that has been supported by...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is used when developing a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7TYCh. 1 - Consider all of the organisms (human as well as...Ch. 1 -
9. Which of the following lists the steps of the...Ch. 1 - In graphs, which of the following is usually...Ch. 1 - An acceptable scientific hypothesis: a. can be...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12TYCh. 1 - Prob. 13TYCh. 1 - The maintenance of a relatively stable internal...Ch. 1 - All of the following are features that...Ch. 1 - A magician has a coin that he says (hypothesizes)...Ch. 1 - Your roommate is writing a paper on the subject of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 1 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 1 -
5. You are trying to convince your friend who...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 1 - Explain why religious explanations cannot disprove...
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