Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether silicon is more abundant or less abundant than aluminium in Earth’s crust has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Element is a pure substance and it cannot be broken down into simpler pure substance by chemical means like
Elements that are laboratory synthesized are radioactive in nature and they convert back into the original naturally occurring element by emission of radiation. All the elements that occur naturally are not evenly distributed on earth and universe.
Radiations that are emitted from stars can be used to estimate the elemental composition of universe. This indicates that hydrogen and helium are mostly dominant. On Earth’s crust oxygen and silicon are the two elements that account for about
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether calcium is more abundant or less abundant than hydrogen in Earth’s crust has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Element is a pure substance and it cannot be broken down into simpler pure substance by chemical means like chemical reaction, electric current, heat, or light. Over several centuries, the discovery of 118 known elements and its isolation have taken place. These 118 elements are the building blocks of all matter. Out of the 118 elements, eighty-eight elements are naturally occurring and the other 30 elements are laboratory synthesized by bombarding elements that naturally occur with small particles.
Elements that are laboratory synthesized are radioactive in nature and they convert back into the original naturally occurring element by emission of radiation. All the elements that occur naturally are not evenly distributed on earth and universe.
Radiations that are emitted from stars can be used to estimate the elemental composition of universe. This indicates that hydrogen and helium are mostly dominant. On Earth’s crust oxygen and silicon are the two elements that account for about
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether iron is more abundant or less abundant than oxygen in Earth’s crust has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Element is a pure substance and it cannot be broken down into simpler pure substance by chemical means like chemical reaction, electric current, heat, or light. Over several centuries, the discovery of 118 known elements and its isolation have taken place. These 118 elements are the building blocks of all matter. Out of the 118 elements, eighty-eight elements are naturally occurring and the other 30 elements are laboratory synthesized by bombarding elements that naturally occur with small particles.
Elements that are laboratory synthesized are radioactive in nature and they convert back into the original naturally occurring element by emission of radiation. All the elements that occur naturally are not evenly distributed on earth and universe.
Radiations that are emitted from stars can be used to estimate the elemental composition of universe. This indicates that hydrogen and helium are mostly dominant. On Earth’s crust oxygen and silicon are the two elements that account for about
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether sodium is more abundant or less abundant than potassium in Earth’s crust has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Element is a pure substance and it cannot be broken down into simpler pure substance by chemical means like chemical reaction, electric current, heat, or light. Over several centuries, the discovery of 118 known elements and its isolation have taken place. These 118 elements are the building blocks of all matter. Out of the 118 elements, eighty-eight elements are naturally occurring and the other 30 elements are laboratory synthesized by bombarding elements that naturally occur with small particles.
Elements that are laboratory synthesized are radioactive in nature and they convert back into the original naturally occurring element by emission of radiation. All the elements that occur naturally are not evenly distributed on earth and universe.
Radiations that are emitted from stars can be used to estimate the elemental composition of universe. This indicates that hydrogen and helium are mostly dominant. On Earth’s crust oxygen and silicon are the two elements that account for about
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Label the following as a protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, or lipid. DNA 11. 12. Sugar 13. Fats 14. Starch 15. RNA 16. Hair 17. Oils 18. Fingernails Use the periodic table to answer questions 19-26. 19. What is the atomic number of chromium? 12 a. b, 24 c. 52 What is the mass number of chromium? 20. a. 12 b. 24 с. 52 How many neutrons are there in chromium? a. 28 21. b. 24 c. 12 22. _How many protons are in sodium? а. 12 b. 11 C. 24 23. How many electrons does fluorine have? a. 17 b. 9 C. 19 24. How many neutrons does aluminum have? a. 17 b. 14 С. 18 Which element has 48 electrons? 25. a. Titanium b. Cadmium C. Barium How many neutrons does sodium have? 26. a. 23 b. 12 С. 11arrow_forwardMiller and Urey created a reaction chamber that simulated conditions in Earths early atmosphere to test the hypothesis that______. a. lightning-fueled atmospheric reactions could have produced organic compounds b. meteorites contain organic compounds c. organic compounds form at hydrothermal vents d. oxygen prevents formation of organic compoundsarrow_forwardExplain how a scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be used in combination with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) to perform elemental analysis on extremely small particles by placing the statements in the order that they occur. First step Last step Answer Bank An X-ray photon unique to the element composition of the atom is released.arrow_forward
- Thalidomide is an example of how important understanding chemistry is for medicine, what is true about thalidomide? a. it is a complex molecule with no application b. it is a widely used wonder drug c. the drug exists as two isomers one is useful for medicine and the other is useful for energy d. the drug exists as two isomers one is useful for medicine and the other interfeees with fetal development e. the drug is no longer made because of the high synthesis costarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most basic? A. Group of answer choices B. Ocean water (pH 8) C. Baking soda (pH 9) D. Drano (pH 14) E. Vinegar (pH 3) F. Pure coffee (pH 5)arrow_forwardA sodium atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is the atomic number of sodium? Multiple Choice A. 34 B. 12 C. 23 D. 11arrow_forward
- 8) Which of the following is NOT a use for isotopes discussed in class? a. Diagnosing Cancer b. Killing Cancer cells c. Explosive demolition d.Tracking environmental changearrow_forwardThe percentages of naturally occurring elements making up the human body (see Table 2.1) are similar to the percentages of these elements found in other organisms. How could you account for this similarity among organisms?arrow_forwardThe following are the six most common elements in the human body: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Each of these elements is heavier than hydrogen and helium. Explain how and where these elements formed.arrow_forward
- The atomic number of sulfur is 16, Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound. a. HS b. HS2 c.H2S d. H3S2arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true?a. Water is polar.b. Water stabilizes temperature.c. Water is essential for life.d. Water is the most abundant atom in Earth’s atmosphere.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a representation of a covalently bonded molecule that shows the relative size and position of atoms in three dimensions? A. Structural model B. Structural formula C. Shell model D. Chemical formulaarrow_forward