EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220103151757
Author: LOUDON
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.41AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason corresponding to the fact that, even though the
Concept introduction:
The quantity that is used to measure the uneven distribution of electrons around the atoms of a compound that possess the covalent bonds is known as dipole moment. It is denoted by
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Draw the Lewis dot structure for acetic acid (HC2H3O2, CH3COOH). Determine the optimum formal charge structure. Determine the VSEPR domain and molecular geometries for the central carbon atoms. Determine the hybridization of the carbons and oxygens. Determine the polarity of the molecule; show the polarity arrows and partial charges for the molecule. (Electronegativities: H 2.1,C 2.5, O 3.5)
Write down the Hamiltonian for the simplest molecule, H2+.
Molecules can be polar because of the unsymmetrical distribution of electrons. The dipole moment, μ Q r
μ=Q×r
The SI unit of dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m), but another common unit is the debye (D). The two are related as
3.336×10^−30 C⋅m=1 D
The percent ionic character is a comparison of the measured dipole moment of the bond to the expected dipole moment if electrons are instead transferred:
%ionic character=measured dipole/if electrons transferred×100%
The dipole moment if electrons are completely transferred is one for which a full unit of charge (1.60×10^−19 C) exists on each end of the bond.
The dipole measured for HI is 0.380 D. The bond distance is 161 pm. What is the percent ionic character of the HI bond?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
Describe the molecular dipole of OCl2.
Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.21APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.22APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.23APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.24APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.25APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.26APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.27APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.28APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.29APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.30APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.31APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.33APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.35APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.36APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.37APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.38APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.39APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.40APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.41APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.44APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.45APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.46APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.47APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.48APCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49AP
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- Identify the likely structure dipole moment of the theoretical molecule C(OH)3Cl. Provide a hand-drawn illustration showing the molecule's 3D structure and dipole moment if applicable.arrow_forwardUsing hybridization, predict how the bond length of the C − C σ bond in HC ≡ C − C ≡ CH should compare with the C − C σ bonds in CH3CH3 and CH2 = CH − CH = CH2.arrow_forwardAccording to Huckel theory, what is the difference in total energy between the anion (C6H6) and the dication (C6H6)2+ of Benzene? In your work, explicitly state which orbitals are occupied in case of the anion and the dictation and what the total energy of each of the two ions is. The total energy difference is defined as AE = Eanion Ea dication· O 2a – 23 O 3a + B O a + B O 2a + 28 3a - Barrow_forward
- The ammonia molecule (NH3) has three identical polar N-H bonds that are equally spaced around the nitrogen atom. Ammonia has a net dipole moment of 1.4 D, similar to that of water 1.85 D). Based on this information, do you think ammonia is a planer molecule or not? Briefly justify your response.arrow_forwardThe molecule XCl2 has a dipole moment. Is X beryllium or sulfur?arrow_forwardCTQ 7: Why is it incorrect to describe the process of boiling as 2H,0(1) → 2H,(g) + 0,(g)?arrow_forward
- Explain whether the following molecules are either polar or non-polar: H2, NCl3, CO2, AlCl3, CH4, HCN, H2O, NH3. Show 3D sketches, ΔEN and partial charges to aid your explanation.arrow_forwardIn an experimental study of the SO2 molecule, it has been obtained that the angle OSO is equal to 119° and the bond distance S=O is equal to 1.45 Å. Calculate the dipole moment of the bond S=0 and the corresponding percentage of ionic bond. Discuss the results obtained. Data: SO2 dipole moment = 1.65 D; elemental electric charge = 1.602x1019 C; 1 D = 3.336x1030 C m.arrow_forwardThe correct Lewis structure of the compound "Phosphoryl nitride" is presented in the following schemes. Assuming that the dipole moment is the same for single, double and triple bonds; what would be the correct analysis of the dipole moments of this compound? ði RESULTANT DIPOLE MOMENT O=P=N: đ+arrow_forward
- The gaseous potassium chloride molecule has a measured dipole moment of 10.3 D, which indicates that it is a very polar molecule. The separation between the nuclei in this molecule is 2.67 Å. What would the dipole moment of a KCl molecule be if there were opposite charges of one fundamental unit (1.60 × 10-19 C) at the nuclei?arrow_forwardShow, if overlap is ignored, (a) that any molecular orbital expressed as a linear combination of two atomic orbitals may be written in the form ψ = ψA cos θ + ψB sin θ. where θ is a parameter that varies between 0 and π/2, and (b) that if ψA and ψB are orthogonal and normalized to 1, then ψ is also normalized to 1. (c) To what values of θ do the bonding and antibonding orbitals in a homonuclear diatomic molecule correspond?arrow_forwardThe drawing below shows the overlap of two hybrid orbitalsto form a bond in a hydrocarbon. (a) Which of the followingtypes of bonds is being formed: (i) C¬C σ, (ii) C¬C π,or (iii) C¬H σ? (b) Which of the following could be theidentity of the hydrocarbon: (i) CH4, (ii) C2H6, (iii) C2H4, or(iv) C2H2?arrow_forward
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