Pressurized water
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- Q6//(14 Marks) In a boiler trail of one hour duration the following observations were made: Steam generated =5250 kg, coal burnt = 695 kg, calorific value of coal 30200 kJ/kg, dryness fraction of %3D steam =0.94, pressure of the boiler = 15 bar, temperature of steam leaving the super heater =400°C, temperature of feed water = 80°C. Calculate: (a) Thermal efficiency of the boiler without super heater. (b) Thermal efficiency of the boiler with super heater. Ans(58%;73%)arrow_forward(a) An Ocean Thermal Energy Converter (OTEC) pumps 200 m^3/s through a heat exchanger in which the temperature (expressed in Kelvins) drops by 1%. All the heat extracted is delivered to the ammonia boiler [11. The ammonia temperature. THT at turbine inlet is equal to the mean temperature of the water in the warm water heat exchanger minus 1 °K. The temperature, TCT, of the ammonia leaving the turbine is kept at 10 °C by the cooling effect of 250 m³/s of cold water. The efficiency of turbine/generator system is 90% of the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine working between THT and TCT . 12 MW of the produced electricity is used for pumping. Heat capacity of water is 4.2 MJ m³ K-1. Calculate the intake temperature of the warm water for the following cases: i) A total of 20 MW of electricity is available for sale? ii) The OTEC produces exactly equal to the amount of power needed for pumping?arrow_forward... Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 Compressed air with a flowrate of 8 kg/min flows through a two-stage turbine and heat exchanger system as follows: • At the entrance to the system (point 1), the pressure of the air is 8 bar and the temperature of the air is 359 K. • From 1-2 the air passes through a heat exchanger which increases its temperature to 922 K. • From 2-3 the air passes through a turbine, with a pressure ratio of 3 (i.e. P₂/p₂=3). This first turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 65%. • From 3-4 the air passes through a second heat exchanger, which increases its temperature back up to 922 K. • From 4-5 the air passes through a second turbine with a pressure ratio of 3 and an isentropic efficiency of 80%. The properties of air are: cp = 1.005 kJ/kgk, cv = 0.718 kJ/kgK, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK, and y= 1.4. Select the correct value for each of the following values: ₂) a. The heat transfer to the air in the first heat exchanger (i.e. ₁) i in kW: b.…arrow_forward
- Question 20 Separate streams of steam and air flow through the turbine and heat exchanger arrangement shown in the figure below, where mass flow rate m5 is 2000 kg/min and power output Wt1 is 12,000 kW. Steady-state operating data are provided on the figure. Heat transfer with the surroundings can be neglected, as can all kinetic and potential energy effects. m5 Steam in Turbine T₁ = 600°C P₁ = 20 bar Determine: (a) T3, in K. W₁l T₂ = 400°C P2= 10 bar > 6 VT6 = 1200 K P6 = 1 bar kW P3= 10 bar T3=? www tw Heat exchanger Turbine 2 Air in (b) the power output of the second turbine, in kW. W₁2=? T5 = 1500 K -5 P5= 1.35 bar m5 T₁ = 240°C P4 = 1 bararrow_forwardCombined separating and throttling calorimeter is used to find out dryness fraction of steam, following readings were taken: Main pressure = 12 bar abs. Mass of water collected in separating calorimeter = 2 kg. Mass of steam condensed in throttling calorimeter = 20 kg Temperature of steam after throttling calorimeter = 110°C Pressure of steam after Throttling = 1 bar abs. Assume Cp of steam = 2.1 kJ/kg K. Calculate dryness fraction.arrow_forward#2 Separate streams of steam and air flow through the turbine and heat exchanger arrangement shown in the figure below, where the air stream mass rate m'5 ranges from 1500 kg/min to 3500 kg/min in increments of 500 kg/min and Wt1= 10,000 kW,. Steady-state operating data are provided on the figure. Heat transfer with the surroundings can be neglected, as can all kinetic and potential energy effects. Steam in 1500 kg/min 2000 kg/min 2500 kg/min Mass Rate of Air M5 in kg/min 3000 kg/min 3500 kg/min Turbine T₁ = 600°C P₁ = 20 bar W₁ T3 T₂=400°C P2 10 bar Temperature T6 = 1200 K P6 = 1 bar tmt tm Heat exchanger TWO TURBINE PROBLEM Py = 10 bar T3 = ? Analyze the two-compressor system for different air mass flow rates into the heat exchanger. Provide clearly detailed professional written sample of the calculations needed to analyze each component of the system and the overall system. Complete the following table and plot the mass of air M5 against the Temperate T3, plot the mass rate M5…arrow_forward
- Ex: A combustion chamber consists of tubular combustors of 15-cm diameter. Compressed air enters the tubes at 550 K, 480 kPa, and 80 m/s. Fuel with a heating value of 42,000 kJ/kg is injected into the air and is burned with an air–fuel mass ratio of 40. Approximating combustion as a heat transfer process to air, determine the temperature, pressure, velocity, and Mach number at the exit of the combustion chamberarrow_forwardmnot Tnot = 75°C Tout-? %3D mcold Tcod = 18°C %3D Hot and cold stream of water are mixing together as shown in Figure. The temperature of the hot and cold streams at the inlet are 75 deg-C and 18 deg-C, respectively. Mass flow rates of the hot and the cold streams are (1.50x10^-1) kg and (1.000x10^-1) kg, respectively. Find the temperature of the mixed stream. The specific heat of the hot water stream is 4000 J/kg-K and the cold stream is 3800 J/kg-K. Note: Your answer is assumed to be reduced to the highest power possible. Your Answer: х10 Answerarrow_forwardWet saturated steam (x = 94.305 %) at 16 bar (hf = 859 kJ/kg, hfg = 1935 kJ/kg) reducing valve is throttled at a pressure of 8 bar (hf = 721 kJ/kg, hfg = 2048 kJ/kg). Determine the dryness fraction of the reduced pressure steam in %. If the steam table is needed, please use the green book entitled "Thermodynamics Properties of Water Including Vapor, Liquid, and Solid Phases" by Keenan, Keyes, Hill, and Moore.arrow_forward
- In a condenser test, the following observations were made:Vacuum = 69 cm of HgBarometer = 75 cm of HgMean temperature of condenser = 35°CHot well temperature = 28°CAmount of cooling water = – 50,000 kg/hrInlet temperature = 17°COutlet temperature = 30°CAmount of condensate per hour = 1250 kgFind(a) the amount of air present per m3 of condenser volume.(b) the state of steam entering the condenser.(c) the vacuum efficiency .R for air = 287 J/kgKarrow_forwardQ2// In a boiler trail of one hour duration the following observations were made: Steam generated -5250 kg. coal burnt = 695 kg, calorific value of coal = 30200 kJ/kg, dryness fraction of steam -0.94, pressure of the boiler= 15 bar, temperature of steam leaving the super heater-400C, temperature of feed water 80C. Calculate: (a) Thermal efficiency of the boiler without super heater. (b) Thermal efficiency of the boiler with super heater. Ans(58%:73%)arrow_forwardSeparate streams of steam and air flow through the turbine and heat exchanger arrangement shown in the figure below, where ins = 1500 kg/min and W;1 = 8,000 kW,. Steady-state operating data are provided on the figure. Heat transfer with the surroundings can be neglected, as can all kinetic and potential energy effects. Wn W2 = ? Turbine Turbine 2 P3 = 10 bar T3 =? T = 240°C T2 = 400°C P2= 10 bar P4=1 bar www Steam in 2 T = 600°C PI = 20 bar Ts = 1500 K -5 Ps = 1.35 bar 9. Heat exchanger V T6 = 1200 K P6 = 1 bar Air in Determine: (a) T3, in K. (b) the power output of the second turbine, in kW.arrow_forward
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