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Concept and Principle:
- Waves are capable of bending around obstacles when the wavelength and the size of the obstacle are comparable. If the aperture is small enough even light is capable of diffraction.
- A single slit forms a diffraction pattern due to interference of the diffracted waves. But the pattern formed is different, it has a larger central maximum and the intensity reduces rapidly on either side.
- The condition for minima or destructive interference is given by,
Here d is the width of the slit, θ is the diffraction angle, m is the order of the fringe, and λ is the wavelength of the source.
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