Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I, = 13.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity I, when 0₁ = 25.0⁰, 0₂ = 37.0°, and 03 = 61.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. If= units I; 0₁ 0₂ 03

Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 12.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 15.0°, ?2 = 39.0°, and ?3 = 59.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law.If =  units

A beam of intensity I reflects from a long, totally reflecting cylinder of radius R; the beam is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder and has a diameter larger than 2R.What is the beam’s force per unit length on the cylinder?

Three perfect polarizers are placed in sequence and receive incoming light from one side as shown in the figure below. The first polarizer has its optic axis oriented vertically. The second is oriented ? = 26.0 degrees to one side of vertical. The third is oriented horizontally.What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through the first polarizer? I1/I0 = What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through both the first and second polarizers? I2/I0 = What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through the first, second, and third polarizers? I3/I0 = How much intensity would get through if the second and third polarizers were exchanged? I3/I0 =

In Figure (a) below, unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets. The angles 8₁, 82, and 83 of the polarizing directions are measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis (they are not drawn to scale). Angles 8₁ and 83 are fixed, but angle 82 can be varied. Figure (b) gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of 82. (The scale of the intensity axis is not indicated.) What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the system when 82 = 34⁰? (a) M 90° (b) 18002

Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I, = 13.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity I, when 8, 15.0°, 0,= 45.0°, and 83=57.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. I₁ = units 4, 8₁

Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure (Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter,…

In Figure (a) below, unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets.The angles 0₁, 02, and 83 of the polarizing directions are measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis (they are not drawn to scale). Angles 0₁ and 83 are fixed, but angle 82 can be varied. Figure (b) gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of 0₂. (The scale of the intensity axis is not indicated.) What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the three-sheet system when 82 = 92⁰? Number Units 60° (b) 120° 180-

Unpolarized light of intensity lo =208 W/m² passes through a first polarizer with its polarizing axis in the vertical position and then through a second polarizer oriented an angle of 84 degrees with the first polarizer. What is the intensity of the light emerging from the second polarizer? Enter you answer in W/m2 with one decimal place precision.