### Analysis of Amino Acid Transport into Bacteria#### Data InterpretationFor the transport of an amino acid into bacteria, the following results were obtained:| Initial Uptake Rate (Flux) (arbitrary units) | Concentration (microM) outside of cell ||----------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|| 110 | 1 || 220 | 2 || 480 | 5 || 830 | 10 || 1700 | 30 || 2600 | 100 || 3100 | 500 |#### Question a: Diffusion vs Mediated Transport**Does the transport occur through simple diffusion or a mediated process? Explain your reasoning.**To address this question, you can analyze the relationship between the initial uptake rate and the external concentration of the amino acid. Typically, for simple diffusion, the uptake rate increases linearly with an increase in concentration. However, for mediated transport, such as facilitated diffusion or active transport, the uptake rate often shows a hyperbolic relationship, where the rate increases rapidly at low concentrations and then plateaus as the carrier proteins become saturated.**Graphical Representation:** Make a sketch of a rate vs concentration graph to help answer this question.- Plot the data with the y-axis representing the Initial Uptake Rate (Flux) and the x-axis representing the Concentration (microM) outside of the cell.- The shape of the curve will help determine if the transport is likely mediated: - A linear curve suggests simple diffusion. - A hyperbolic curve suggests mediated transport.#### Question b: Additional Experiments**What additional experiment(s) would you perform to verify that a transport protein is or is not involved?**1. **Inhibition Studies:** - Use specific inhibitors known to block transporter proteins and assess whether the uptake rate decreases. 2. **Saturation Kinetics:** - Perform uptake experiments at increasing concentrations beyond 500 microM to see if saturation occurs, characteristic of transporter involvement.3. **Temperature Dependence:** - Measure the uptake rate at different temperatures. Mediated transport processes are more sensitive to temperature changes than simple diffusion.4. **Transporter Mutants:** - Use bacterial strains genetically modified to lack the suspected transporter protein to determine if the uptake rate is affected.5. **Competition Experiments:** - Introduce similar

The cell membrane presents a hydrophobic barrier that separate the interior of the cell from the…

Answered: You obtain the following results for…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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During a temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiment it is observed that the temperature of a particular desorption peak decreases as the initial coverage of the reacting species increases. Account for this observation making reference to the orderof the desorption process.
23 Samples of five plant tissue discs were incubated in dilute sodium chloride solution at different temperatures. After 24 hours, it was found that the uptake of ions from the solutions was as shown in the table (arbitrary units). Comment on how absorption of sodium chloride occurs, giving your reasons. Sodium ions Chloride ions Tissue at 5°C 80 40 Tissue at 25°c 160 80
what factors affect the rate of diffusion and how can these be tested? pls do cite references so that I can check them too
Identify which antibiotic between C and D was used per set-up. Describe each of the results by including the implications given on the graphs as to why it used Antibiotic C or D. Antibiotic C: Cationic antimicrobial peptide - these positively charged antibiotics are attracted to the negatively charged cell wall and membrane. They are hydrophobic, and they insert into the membranes to create pores. Antibiotic D: Targets lipopolysaccharide
(a) Insert the table with data for Experiment 1 Table 1. Osmosis in a model cell contents of dialysis bag contents of beaker mass at 0 min (g) mass at 15 min (g) mass at 30 min (g) mass at 45 min (g) 1 2% sucrose 2% sucrose 11.66 11.75 11.67 11.73 2 20% sucrose 2% sucrose 12.54 12.72 12.98 13.21 3 2% sucrose 20% sucrose 12.11 11.86 11.59 11.48 (b) Calculate the total change in volume with the appropriate units for each dialysis bag in the experiment. Bag 1: Bag 2: Bag 3: (c) Explain why the volume of each bag changed during the experiment.
please answer the table, tysm ♡
Explain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process: Facilitated diffusion
Please answer part b
You design an enzyme assay and choose a substrate concentration equal to the Km of the enzymatic reaction. You measure the rate of the reaction at this substrate concentration to be 75.0 μmol/min. Calculate the Vmax of this reaction in μmol/min. Express your answer with one decimal place. Your previous attempt suffered from low signal-to-noise ratio when you used a substrate concentration equal to the Km. So you decide to increase the substrate concentration to 0.45 mM. You remeasure the rate of the reaction at this new substrate concentration and find it to be 135.0 μmol/min. Using the same Vmax value found above, calculate the Km value of this enzymatic reaction. Express your answer in μM with one decimal place. Considering the previous two questions, what would be the rate of the reaction at a substrate concentration of 0.01 mM? Express your answer in μmol/min with one decimal place.
Label the diagram below as either passive transport (diffusion or facilitated diffusion) or active transport. Provide examples of solutes that are transported in these various ways across the cell membrane
serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0 30.0 0.25 0.7 2500.0 100.0 5400.0 350.0 8800.0 9100.0 2 1100.0 6 3000.0 12. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeated using 12µM ['H] serotonin? Add your estimate into the table above. 13. Examine the plot obtained for condition A; what can you conclude with regards to whether or not the transport of serotonin into these cells requires a protein? Explain your conclusion.
This graph shows the results of an experiment performed using frog eggs, whose membranes are nearly impermeable to water. A scientist injected some frog eggs with messenger RNA that coded for the production of membrane channel proteins called aquaporins. Control eggs were left untreated, so they did not produce aquaporins. Both groups of frog eggs were placed in a hypotonic solution and the volume of the eggs in each group was measured over a 5-minute period. The frog eggs with aquaporins increased in volume until finally rupturing, while the control eggs' volumes remained more constant. Using the graph and your knowledge of aquaporin channel proteins, which statements do you think are true? Select all that apply. relative volume 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 frog eggs with aquaporin 1 control eggs 2 x (rupture) 3 time (min) 4 -5

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