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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Can you solve all of the parts to this question please
Considering the following membrane transport processes:
1.Sodium pump
2. Stomach HCl transport
3. Glucose uptake from the intestine to the bloodstream
For each of the following, indicate all of the above processes that have the property (give numbers).
A. has a facilitated diffusion component.
B. Would be inhibited if ATP were absent
C. Uses 20-40% of cellular energy
D.Sets up a pH gradient
E. Sets up an electrical gradient
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- While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…arrow_forward(b) The GLUT system is highly selective for glucose. It also speeds up the rate of glucose transport across the membrane by as much as 100-fold when compared to the passive diffusion of glucose across a bilayer in the absence of any transport system. While impressive, this rate of transport is much slower than purely diffusion limited rate of movement (ie. the fastest a molecule can move by diffusion). Given this fact, on the blank plot below draw the expected relationship between the rate of GLUT-mediated transport and increasing [glucose]? Use the space below the graph to explain your answer. fast Transport Rate slow low [glucose] high (c) Next, use a dashed line on the same plot above to draw the shape of the curve when the amount of GLUT transporters in the membrane is cut in half. Briefly explain your answer in the space provided below the graph.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect about membrane transport systems? a. Glucose transport in red blood cells is a uniport system b. The Na+/K+ ATPase is an antiport system c. The H+/K+ ATPase is an active transport system d. The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger in erythrocytes is a uniport systemarrow_forward
- 3. Please help answer this question, thank you so much!! :)arrow_forwardSecondary active transport … A. Moves a molecule against its chemical gradient but with its concentration gradient. B. Moves a molecule against its concentration gradient but with its chemical gradient. C. Uses ATP to directly move molecules against their electrochemical gradient. D. Uses an electrochemical gradient of one molecule to power movement of a different molecule against its electrochemical gradient.arrow_forward1. (a) In class thus far, we have focused our membrane transport energetics discussions on the transfer of K+ ions. Of course, in the cell there are other ions that contribute to the overall resting membrane potential (Autotal). To estimate the overall resting membrane potential for the predominant ions present in the cell, we must first calculate the individual resting membrane potential. Using the Nernst equation discussed in class, and the values provided below, calculate A for each ion. lon K+ Na+ Ca²+ CI- [ion] outside cell 6 mM 145 mM 4 mM 90 mM [ion] inside cell 145mM 8 mM 0.001 mM 6 mMarrow_forward
- Describe the process of active transport as carried out by ion pumps. Your answer must include a discussion of all concentration gradients (ΔC), whether molecules are moving down and/or against ΔC, and the energy (ATP) requirements for active transport. Explain why energy is required or not required. Lastly, name a known ion pumparrow_forwardA cell with a K+1 concentration of 0.3 eq/L is placed into a solution with a K+1 concentration of 0.2 eq/L. It is assumed that the K+1 can pass through the cell membrane (the K+1 transport protein is open). Answer the following true or false questions. 1. K+1 will diffuse through the membrane down its concentration gradient due to Kinetic Theory 2. Movement of a solute through the membrane is called dialysis 3. K+1 will move out of the cellarrow_forward
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