You compare two strands of mtDNA and discover that there are 3 differences in base pairs between them. Assuming that the mutation rate for the species that you are examining is 1 mutation every 20,000 years, how long ago did the two strands share a common ancestor? Write your answer in xx,Xxx format. These two strands shared a common ancestor years ago.

Q: Approximately 50 million SNPs have thus far beenrecorded after the characterization of thousands…

A: The human genome consists of about 3 million base pairs and 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these,…

Q: In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibitedvision problems, muscle…

A: Genes in nuclear content express most of the characters, while some of the characters are associated…

Q: in 2000, the human genome was triumphantly released as a reference genome with approximately 8%…

A: Epigenetics: The study of how cells regulate gene activity without modifying the DNA sequence is…

Q: When an Avidian (with a genome size of 50 sites) reproduces with a 10% per site mutation rate, and…

A: Mutation  Mutation is either natural or artificial process causes change in DNA sequence.

Q: With the information that a Wright- Fisher population have a size of 10,000 and assume that mutation…

A: The aim is to find out the probability of mutations taking place within the sequences and how it…

Q: The letter R isconventionally used to represent anypurine base (A or G) and Y to represent…

A: Purines and pyrimidines are the two families of nitrogeneous base that are used to make nucleic…

Q: In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle…

A: Genes in nuclear content express most of the characters, while some of the characters are associated…

Q: When you go to the lab and you carry out the reaction several times, you realize that you made the…

A: The polymerase chain reaction is a technique in molecular biology that is used to amplify the target…

Q: Suppose Meselson and Stahl labeled bacterial DNA with heavy nitrogen (15N, a stable isotope) and…

A: DNA belongs to the family of biomacromolecules known as nucleic acids that are formed of…

Q: If a sample of double-stranded DNA gave the following results, what is the concentration (ng/uL) of…

A: The absorption value of 1 at A260 corresponds to 50 ug/ml So, the value of 1.637 at A260 corresponds…

Q: In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle…

A: Genes in nuclear content express most of the characters, while some of the characters are associated…

Q: You were tasked to conduct a population genetic survey of a diploid insect population. You obtained…

A: When conducting a population genetic survey, such as the one described involving a diploid insect…

Q: How many different dna fragments would you expect to obtain if you cleaved human genomic dna with…

A: The cell is the fundamental unit of life. The nucleus part of the cell contains Deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Aliens with orang eye color allele (o) is recessive to the dominant black eye color allele (O). The…

A: We aim to design a pedigree that would reveal which orange gene allele is dominant and which allele…

Q: A researcher sequences the genome of a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. She finds that the…

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: what would be the expected distribution of DNA by the fourth (F4) generation?

A: Ans. The mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells is represented by semi-conservative…

Q: What would be the expected distribution of centrifuged DNA (in the Meselson /Stahl experiment),…

A: Meselson and Stahl experiment The experiment carried out by Meselson and Stahl tells us about nature…

Q: what do you understand by a "reading frame"? in case of dsDNA molecule, how many reading frames are…

A: DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides linked by…

Q: Nucleotide Position                   1       5        10        15 Sequence 1. . . . T C T G G A…

A: Haplotypes are referred to the group of alleles that are inherited from a single parent. The…

Q: You Purified plasmid DNA (a 6.0 kb vector) and got the following results... DNA conc: 200 ng/µL…

A: Plasmid DNA is mainly a small, circular, double stranded DNA molecule and also it is different from…

Q: Consider the following four DNA sequences taken from the a homologous gene from four different…

A: Multiple sequence alignment is majorly used to find out evolutionary relationship between…

Q: Why was noncoding DNA previously called 'junk DNA' and why is the term no longer considered…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains which coil around each…

Q: A The above experiment, on DNA replication in the intact chromosomes of E. coli (with no virus…

A: 1. If the intact chromosomes of E.Coli are labeled with heavy nitrogen (15N), then is fed light…

Q: replicated in a semi-conservative manner, draw the expected results of this experiment if E. coli…

A: Meselson -Stahl proved that DNA replicates semi conservatively in 1958 by the common bacterium…

Q: a) What species is considered as the outgroup? (b) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the…

A: (a) Outgroup is a species in the phylogentic tree which is distantly related to other species but…

Q: People who carry a theoretical genetic disorder (called B-disease) can be identified from a 2kb DNA…

A: A genetic disorder is an inherited abnormal condition concerning the genetic material i.e. DNA.…

Q: Which type of mutation doesnt affect the ability of an organism to pass on its alleles to the next…

A: Neutral mutation doesnt affect the ability of an organism to pass on its alleles to the next…

Q: In Avery et al.’s experiments, they used a general proteinase that can break down many types of…

A: In 1944, the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment was conducted using Pneumococcal strains. It was aimed…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Proteins are the building blocks of…

Q: Consider the following estimates:(a) There are 7 x 109 humans living on this planet.(b) Each…

A: Answer - a) There are currently 1.4×109 mutations present in the human population. this is…

Q: A researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and…

A: A multigene family has a set of genes that have been passed on or descended from a common ancestral…

Q: In our simple model of DNA amplification we assumed that a successful amplification doubled the DNA…

A: The question is asking us to consider a scenario where one allele in a sample is successfully…

Q: In a genomic analysis looking for a specific disease gene,one candidate gene was found to have a…

A: The discovery, measurement, or comparison of genomic properties such as DNA sequence, structural…

Q: Bacteria and other microbes can be used to "clean up" an oil spill by breaking down oil into carbon…

A: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine and…

Q: If 4% of human and chimpanzee DNA differs, how many base pairs differ between the two species?…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other…

Q: Bacteria and other microbes can be used to "clean up" an oil spill by breaking down oil into carbon…

A: In a double-stranded DNA, two complementary strands interact with each other by hydrogen bonds.…

Q: If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human…

A: CG directly activates pDCs and B cells. The resultant immune response is characterized by the…

Q: Blue eye color allele (b) is recessive to the dominant to the black eye color allele (B). When we…

A: Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate molecules based on their size and…

Q: A population of tribbles got on board two different starships and has been evolving apart for 6…

A: ANSWER;-

Q: You sample DNA from seven bighorn sheep from a population of 2,000 in the Rocky Mountains of…

A: Introduction :- SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is a variation in the base sequence occuring at…

Q: If the intact chromosomes of E. coli are labeled with heavy nitrogen (15N), then E. coli is fed…

A: This experiment was performed to check whether the DNA model is conservative or semiconservative. A…

Q: The human genome is approximately 3 billion basepairs in size.a. Using standard 8.5″ × 11″ paper…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you.…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.