Approximately 50 million SNPs have thus far beenrecorded after the characterization of thousands ofhuman genomes.a. About how many base pairs in the human genomeare identical in these thousands of people?b. Do you think that many other SNPs exist among thehuman population? If so, why haven’t they been found?c. Almost all of the SNP polymorphisms found to dateare biallelic; that is, among all the genomes in thepopulation studied to date, only two possible allelescan be found (for example, A and C). Provide arough estimate for the number of triallelic SNP locithat could be found in the same group of humans(that is, the number of loci with three differentalleles—for example, A, C, and T). At about howmany loci would all four possible nucleotides befound among the human genomes studied to date?

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.