Focus only on shared derived traits (found only in species of interest - not in outgroup) Species DNA nucleotide site 3 8 10 Outgroup T G C Spp W T T G T Spp X T T G C Spp Y T T C T Spp Z A T C T At position 10 C → T change in all species, except Spp X.
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- Xmal EcoRI Xmal EcoR 1300 bp 1.28 be 1200 bp 1100 bp 1000 bp 900 bp 800 bp 770 bp 708 bp 611 bp 700 bp 673 bp 611 bp 575 bp 600 bp 575 bp s00 bp 400 bp 300 bp 200 bp 100 bp 62 bp 50 bp The 16s FDNA of Escherichia coli consists of 1,956 bp (1.956 kb) МАРPING Xmal 611 bp 70 bp S75 bp EcoRI 673 bp 1,283 bọ Xmal & EcoRI (double digest) 611 bp 62 bp 708 bp 575 bp Electrophoresis ResultConsider the following four DNA sequences taken from the a homologous gene from four different organisms. The bases are in groups of 10 for ease of interpretation. ACTGCGAGGT ACTGCGAGTT ACTTCGAGTT GCCATGTCAС GCCGTGAGAC GCCATGTGAC AGTACTGACG Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 Organism 4 GCATCAGGAТ GCACCAGGAT GCATCAGGAT ACGCAGAAAT AATTCTGAGA AGTACTGACA AGTTCTGAGA ACGCAGAAAT ATGCAGAAAT GCTGCGAGTT GCACCAGGAT GCCATGACÁC ACGCGAAAAT a. For each pair of organisms determine the genetic distance between them. The genetic distance is simply the percentage difference between the two genes. Since each sequence is 50 base bases long, the genetic distance will be 2x the number of base differences. For example, if two sequences are identical except for one base, the genetic distance is 2%. b. List the genetic distances in the table below for each pair of organisms. Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 3 Organism 4 Organism 4 Organism 3 Organism 2 Organism 1 c. Draw a phylogenetic tree of these 4 organisms, in…aterials Spirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? * pdates ades embers nferences The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. Q Online Nematode DNA is circular. sela Spirochaete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. on Periods 1 and 2 eriods MP1, Highschool chool MP3, Spirochaete DNA is linear. MP4 Operons are clusters of genes that are regulated as a group. They can be characterized as either repressible or inducible. What is the main difference between the two? * d Thu Fri INTL 1
- Construct the data matrix From the DNA sequence data from the 5 taxa. (Hint: there are three variable nucleotide sites, which are the characters) Map all three characters onto both mypotheses using two Colors (same as in Activity 6). 3 position 111111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 ATTGCGGCCTGTATG Taxon A Taxon B ATGGCGGGCTGTAAG Taxon C ATTGCGGGCTGTATG Taxon D ATTGCGGGCTGTAAG Taxon E ATGGCGGCCTGTATG 1 Determine the treelength of both hypotheses and fill in 3 the treelength and Justify Text minimum number of changes in the table on the lower right. Then compute the CI for both hypotheses and put a checkmark or X to indicate which one is the most parsimonious and which one is the most accurate. 4 Character/ states Taxon A Use the most accurate phylogeny to infer the origin of the new fungal pathogen Taxon B Hypothesis Treelength Minimum CI Most parsimonious Most accurate Taxon C Taxon D 1 taxon taxon A taxon B taxon C taxon D taxon E Taxon E Minimum 2 origin Florida (new) Mexico China…DNA sequences CGCCTAGTCA Strain 1 TCCCTACT CG Strain 2 ATCCTATAAC Strain 3. GACCTAAGCT Strain 4 Strain 2 = Strain 3 = 40 Strain 4 = 50 60 70 d Please use the above figure for the following question. If no figure appears, please use Figure 4. Fill in the blanks by writing the letter of the location where each of the strains belongs in the cladogram. Strain 1 = Percent Relatedness bplanet Reen in a distant solar system. They only have one chromosome with eight genes on it that determines the organism's appearance. Your job is to transcribe and translate the DNA and determine what traits the organism has and In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism. These organisms were discovered on the TAC CAT AGA TTT ATT TAC CAA GGA TGA GGT TTC ATC TÁC GAA GAG GAG GGG ATT TAC CAA CGC CGA ATT TÁC GTA GTG ATC TAC CAT AAA ATA ACT TAC TTA TAA GAA GAC GGG TGT ACT TAC TTA Protein Synthesis then sketch the organism TTA TTA CGT ATT TAC AAG AGC GTG ATT TAC TCC TCT TTA TGT ATT Amino Acid Sequence Genes Description Short and spiky hair Met - val - ser - leu Gene 1- body covering Met - val - ser - lys Long and curly hairy Met - tyr - pro - glu - pro - lys Gene 2 - body shape Met- val - pro - thr - pro - lys Round body Met - leu - leu - leu - pro Square body Gene 3 - # of legs Met - leu - leu - ser - ala 4 legged 2 legged Met-ala - val - val round head…
- S SimUText 2019-2020 X File Edit Go Tools Help Recycle Bin Section 1: DNA Structure NOTES 17/18 QUESTIONS DNA Explored indicate how the relevant carbon atoms are numbered. Drag labels (left) to complete the diagram, and then click Check Answer to get feedback. Incorrectly placed labels will move off the diagram. Microsoft Edge Base о- NH2 Google Chrome 4 -O Ribose 3' Microsoft Teams 1' AS SimUText 2019-2020 Deoxyribose 2 ОН Phosphate Check Answer Reset 17 18 7:15 PM Type here to search 10/7/2019Table I CACGT A GA CTGAGG ACTC CACGTAGACTGAG G ACAC Wild-type beta-globin gene fragment Sickle-cell beta-globin gene fragment > Circle the mutation in DNA of the sickle-cell beta-globin gene fragment Compare fragments of DNA the wild-type and mutant beta-globin genes in the Table I above, what are the similarities and differences you observe?of estion 9 t of uestion THCA ▶ Sou 100- HC This reaction is Entropy is THC San Leafly ATA RNA polymerase SSSSSSSSSS ATTOGOGACATAA ATGACGGATCAGCCOCAAG UACUOCCUAGUC RNA Transcript TACTOCCTAGTCGGCOTTCOOCTTAACCOCTOTATIT (In this picture, RNA is being made by complementary base pairing with DNA.) This reaction is → Entropy is ◆
- nsert er L Design Calibri words 11.5 BIU-abe X₂ X²A--A- Layout e here to search Unique Unigriffin DNA: mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: mRNA: amino acids: traits: DNA: mRNA: amino acids: traits: W S References Mailings A A Aa- AEE AL T Font #M 3 E Review D O ALA | CAG TCG TTT | ATG GGG CTT CTT TIT | GAG AAT TCA CGC | View | CGA CAA CAC | GTA GTA | CAA AAA ATG | TTA TAG AAT GAC GGG TGG | et Paragraph | TTA TTG TTA CGG | AAA AGA CCT | GCA GCC TTG TGT | R F ACROBAT C L er de Tell me what you want to do... W AaBbCcDc AaBbCcl AaBbCcL AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDc AaBbCc[ 1 Normal 1 Body Text 1 List Para... 1 No Spac... 1 Table Par... Heading 1 Styles 06 FO Y SH 7 H U J OM num ik K "1" O JACC AaBbCcD A 1 Heading 2 H E 38°Fy Cours S DIOE The following DNA fragment shows where a number of restriction endonucleases cut sites occur within the fragment. The numbers below indicate the distance between those cut sites in base pairs (bp). Kpn I Sall Eco RI Pst Bam HI Xho Bam HI Pst i Eco RI Kon I 100 200 300 400 500 B00 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 How many total restriction fragments will result if you complete digest the DNA fragment above with Sal I? cross out a. 1 cross out b. 2 cross out O c. 3 cross out d. 4 cross out e. 5 cross out O f. 6 cross out g. 7 cross out Oh. 8 The following DNA fragment shows where a number of restriction endonucleases cut sites occur within the fragment. The numbers below indicate the distance between those cut sites in base pairs (bp). t of Sal Eco RI Pat Xhol Bam HI Psti Eco RI Koni Kpn i Bam HThis image shows DNA (gray) interacting with a computergenerated model of a TAL protein (multicolored), one of afamily of proteins found only in a species of the bacteriumXanthomonas. The bacterium uses proteins like this one to findspecific gene sequences in cells of the organisms it infects, suchas tomatoes, rice, and citrus fruits. Given what you know aboutDNA structure and considering the image above, discuss howthe TAL protein’s structure suggests that it functions
