Would you expect sexual selection to increase or decrease adaptation of a population to its environment? Do the pleiotropic effects and good genes mechanism for the evolution of female preferences differ in their implications for adaptation to the environment?

Would you expect sexual selection to increase or decrease adaptation of a population to its environment? Do the pleiotropic effects and good genes mechanism for the evolution of female preferences differ in their implications for adaptation to the environment?

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter17: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4SA

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Concept explainers

Sexual Motivation

Sexual motivation refers to a person's overall desire for sexual activity. It is an unusual motivation. Generally, among lower animals, the term 'drive' is commonly referred to as sexual motivation. It means a certain internal force drags the animal to be involved in reproductive behavior. On the contrary, humans are not simply driven by any internal force; rather, the sexual motivation in humans is due to several factors such as biological (hormones, genes), environmental (familial upbringing, chemical exposure) and physiological factors (culture, desire) which further determine engagement in sexual activities.

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Describe thoroughly the selective advantages and disadvantages organisms that reproduce sexually have over those that reproduce asexually, as well as the ramifications of mate choice on the traits present in species. The following questions could help answer the question above. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction? What are the disadvantages? How do traits selected by sexual selection and those selected by differential survival mix in an animal species? i.e. is it more important to mate or survive? Use specific examples to illustrate your point. Your answers should indicate an understanding of the mechanism behind natural selection. Propose a scenario where asexual reproduction would be favorable.
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Phalaropes are shore birds with brightly colored females and dull colored males. Females are larger than males and compete with each other for access to males. Considering sexual selection theory, select the idea(s) below that seem(s) most plausible in light of the pattern of sexual dimorphism? Pick all that apply This is a picture of a brightly colored female: O Females incubate eggs and care for the young. Males incubate eggs and care for the young Males are choosy. males are not choosy
Assume you are studying a species of slug where the eggs are fertilized and transferred to the male. As a result the male is not able to increase reproductive success by mating with multiple partners. Therefore which of the following about sexual selection in this species is not true? Females are more likely to develop traits that signal genetic quality to males. Females will be able to increase reproductive success with increased mating partners. Sexual selection in males will lead them to be choosy with what females they mate with. Sexual selection in males will lead them to mate indiscriminately when they find a female.
Intrasexual selection involves competition among one sex (typically males) for mating access to the other sex. Intersexual selection involves mate choice in which individuals from one sex (typically females) choose their mates from among individuals of the other sex. Imagine a group of males that is engaged in agonistic behavior, from which Male A emerges triumphant. Now imagine a female that is assessing all of the males that were involved in the fights, and chooses Male A. Explain why this situation shows how intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures are likely both at play in the trait selection.
Sexual selection tends to cause bigger size,more elaborate weaponry, or brighter colors in males. Is this an example of stabilizing,directional, or disruptive selection?
The good genes model of sexual selection is a popular hypothesis for mate choice. What is an underlying flaw with the hypothesis that must be explained?
Bjork and Pitnick (2006) investigated sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion that can be made from their results below? [Note that the open circles and dotted line represent data collected from females and the closed circles and solid line represents data collected from males.] 200 - 150 100 50 1 2 4 5 Number of mates (mating success) O a. Sexual selection is stronger on females than males. O b. Males have a weaker Bateman gradient than females. O C. Females likely invest more in the reproductive process. O d. Males likely exhibit parental rather than females. Number of offspring (reproductive success)
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Johnston et al. estimate that 50% of males with the Ho Ho genotype develop scurs (instead of full horns). They also estimate that around 13% of the total male population, at birth, will develop scurs. The males who managed to get access to mating opportunities with females seem to show no preference for whether the females have horns or not. Thus in the adult mating population, mating is random with respect to the genotype at this locus. What is the frequency of the Hop allele in the population?
Describe the major components of the runaway sexual selection hypothesis.