With respect to glycogen, what is the likely fate of excess glucose 6-phosphate in muscle?

Q: Type VI glycogen storage disease (Hers disease) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by lack of…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase is the enzyme that breaks down glycogen to glucose-1 phosphate which is then…

Q: Why does it make metabolic sense for the same hormone signal to stimulate glycogenolysis and inhibit…

A: The muscles and the liver respond in distinct ways to the same hormone signal, thus participating in…

Q: QUESTION 1 Because they are primarily catabolic and need to hoard (keep) glucose for their own use,…

A: The series of chemical reactions that occur within the living body are collectively referred to as…

Q: Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also…

A: Long chain fatty acids potentiate glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Fatty acids don't trigger…

Q: Describe gluconeogenesis starting from lactate. What is its importance?

A: Introduction: The below answer explains the process of gluconeogenesis starting from lactate and its…

Q: Metformin is a commonly used treatment for type 2 diabetes. The active compound was isolated from…

A: Metformin primarily lowers blood glucose levels by reducing liver glucose production, improving…

Q: Why is reciprocal regulation a key feature of glucose metabolism?

A: Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic…

Q: What is the full regulatory pathway of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase by insulin and…

A: Before going into the whole complex regulatory pathways, you need to know a few basic facts.…

Q: What is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate…

A: Glycogenolysis- breaking down of molecular glycogen into glucose.  Glycolysis- glucose molecules…

Q: When glycogen is degraded (catabolized), all of the following occur in both liver and muscle EXCEPT…

A: Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down the stored glycogen into simple sugar units. It…

Q: The Gq-protein and phospholipase C pathway are responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis and…

A: Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are metabolic pathways for the generation of glucose.…

Q: What accounts for the fact that liver phosphorylase is a glucose sensor, whereas muscle…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. The liver is the site for the…

Q: What is the total ATP produced from complete oxidation of 10 molecules of glucose asumming that the…

A: Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate, with the production of ATP,…

Q: What are the two most important carriers in one-carbonmetabolism? Give two examples of processes in…

A: These are the interlinking pathways that require methionine and folate.

Q: Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the inorganic phosphate-mediated removal of glucose from glycogen…

A: Glucose is broken down to generate energy in the form of ATP. Glucose is stored as a storage…

Q: How is it possible that both insulin andepine phrine stimulate muscle glycolysis?

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas while epinephrine (adrenaline) is a…

Q: If the malate-aspartate shuttle is inhibited under aerobic conditions, then lactate production…

A: Energy must be supplied to the cell continuously so that the cell maintains the functions and…

Q: Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose6-phosphate, 1.0 mM;…

A: The process of glycolysis runs in the muscle cells, in which fructose-6 phosphate (F6P) is converted…

Q: The antidiabetes drugs known as thiazolidinediones induce the production of glycerol kinase in…

A: Thiazolidinedione’s are a class of medicines that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.…

Q: How does glucose binding to glycogen phosphorylase stimulate glycogen synthesis?

A: When there is an enormous amount of energy present, then the cell uses these to synthesize glycogen…

Q: What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis of an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate…

A: Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of…

Q: What is the function of the glucose-alanine cycle in normalmetabolism?

A: The glucose-alanine cycle is also known as the alanine cycle or the Cahill cycle. It occurs under…

Q: What is the full regulatory pathway of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase by insulin and…

A: Insulin is a protein hormone which is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in…

Q: Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause glycogen to be full of short, stubby branches…

A: Glycogen is storage form of glucose. Glycogen is composed of alpha-D glucose units held together by…

Q: Outline the signal- transduction cascade for glycogen degradation in muscle.

A: Glycogen is stored form of carbohydrates in mammals. Glycogen serves as a fuel during exercise.…

Q: How do the pathways for the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen differ in liver and muscle? How does…

A: In stressful conditions/fasting/starvation when the blood glucose level is low, some…

Q: How does the phosphorylation of glucose within cells contribute to homeostasis?" Describe the…

A: Phosphorylation of glucose within the cell is necessary and it contribute to the cell homeostasis.…

Q: Lactic acid builds up in the athlete's thigh muscle after marathon training. Compare and contrast…

A: Glycogen is a homopolysaccharide. glycogen has α1-4 glycosidic bond in linear eight to ten…

Q: Von Gierke disease, defective enzyme: glucose 6-phosphatase Hers's disease, defective enzyme : liver…

A: Glycogen storage disease (GSD) a condition that is a rare disorder where  the uses and storage of…

Q: What peptides are expected to be produced when the A chain of bovine insulin (Figure 5.16) is…

A: Protein is a polymer of amino acids connected together via peptide bond. It may have one or multiple…

Q: Consider the pyruvate carboxylase reaction, the first bypass step in gluconeogenesis: Pyruvate + CO₂…

A: Gluconeogenesis is a process by which cells make glucose from non carbohydrate sources.…

Q: In order for a fatty acid stored in an adipocyte to be oxidized by a muscle cell, which of the…

A: INTRODUCTION : Fatty acid oxidation - The oxidation of the fatty acids which are being stored in…

Q: Does the allosteric regulation induced by insulin activate (or repress) phosphofructokinase-1…

A: Phosphofructose kinase 1 is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose…

Q: The binding of insulin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell activates the receptor’s…

A: Insulin is considered as a peptide hormone, which is released when glucose exceeds in blood. This…

Q: Mutations in glucokinase which lower the kcat for the enzyme or elevate the Km for glucose result in…

A: Introduction : Glucokinase  is a protein that works with phosphorylation of glucose to…

Q: Based on different criterions hormones can be classified in several ways. While classifying the…

A: Hormones are a kind of chemical signals which are transported via blood circulation in the…

Q: What are the end-products of the complete aerobic catabolism of glucose?

A: The synthesis of energy in animal cells is carried out through two main mechanisms such as aerobic…