Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative? answer this in a few sentences (short answer) Why does the genetic code use codons that always consist of 3 nucleotides? answer this in a few sentences (short answer)
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- Why is DNA replication is considered a semi-discontinuous process? Explain in detail.There are 6 parts to this question: This is a follow up to the prior question regarding the replication of the DNA strand below. The DNA strand is here for your reference and you do not need to do anything with or to it. TC GATATCGG AGCTATAGCC c) what enzyme separated the parental DNA template strands, d) what bonds were broken? e) what enzyme replicates DNA f) before DNA can be replicated/copied, what must be laid down to allow the enzyme in "e" to replicated the DNA (be specific)? g) our DNA is replicated in many "pieces", what enzyme connects these many "pieces" into one continuous DNA strand that becomes the sister chromatid? h) during what specific phase of the cell cycle does this DNA replication process occur? (This should be a review question from last topics we covered).DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence 5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’ Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? Presence of start codon Absence of start codon Due to mutation If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)? Substitution of C with G No change4 Deletion of Both I & III
- Look at the double-stranded segment of DNA shown below. Imagine that the two strands have already been denatured, and the temperature has been decreased to an appropriate annealing temperature. Show where the two primers would anneal to the strands, then indicate the direction of extension on each new strand with an arrow. 5’--T C A G G A C G T A A G C T T G C A T A T C T C G A T G C T A A A T C A T—3’ 3’--A G T C C T G C A T T C G A A C G T A T A G A G C T A C G A T T T A G T A—5’ Primer #1: 3’ A C G A T T T 5’ Primer #2: 5’ G G A C G T A 3’Why does DNA have a leading strand and a lagging strand during replication?Select the correct row below that fills in the following blanks to answer the question above.___1st___ has to attach the new free-floating nucleotides to the ___2nd___ of the newly formed strand. The two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel, so in order for the lagging strand to be formed in the same direction, it has to be done in Okazaki fragments going in a ___3rd___ direction. Select one: a. 1st 2nd 3rd DNA polymerase 3' end 5' to 3' b. 1st 2nd 3rd DNA polymerase 5' end 3' to 5' c. 1st 2nd 3rd DNA ligase 3' end 5' to 3' d. 1st 2nd 3rd DNA helicase 5' end 3' to 5'Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. From specific points, arrows are provided that lead to numbers. Answer the questions below relating to the locations specified by the numbers. (02) What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which) What enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? What enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA? What nucleic acid is probably depicted here? What are these short DNA fragments usually called? What enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? Is this strand the leading or lagging strand? What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which)
- DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’a) Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? I. Presence of start codonII. Absence of start codonIII. Due to mutationb) If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)?I. Substitution of C with GII. No changeIII. Deletion of CIV. Both I & IIIAnswer the following questions with regards to DNA replication:1. In what direction does DNA polymerase read the parent strand?2. Describe why Okazaki fragments are formed (1-2 sentences)3. In no more than one sentence describe the function of the following enzymes as it pertains to DNA replication in E. coli : DNA polymerase III, primase and ligaseWhat is generated from the replication of DNA ? what method is used ? Describe the process. What are Okazaki fragments? What enzymes are used ?
- Shown below is a double stranded DNA molecule.Replicate this DNA and show the products formed from this replication. In your answer, indicate which strands are the new daughter strands (mark with D and in a different color) and which strands are the already existing parent strands (mark with P as shown below). Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of all DNA. HINT: You should have 2 double-stranded DNA molecules after replication. P: 5’ CATAGGATTCCTACG 3’ P: 3’ GTATCCTAAGGATGC 5’Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. Arrows start from numbers and end at specific points. Answer the questions relating to the locations specified by the numbers (1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA?What enzymes are required for the initiation of replication in eukaryotes? Are these complexes the same or different in prokaryotes? Answer in 2-3 sentences.