Why do you think two signals are required for B- and T-cell activation but only one signal is required for activation of an APC?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
icon
Related questions
Question

Why do you think two signals are required for B- and T-cell activation but only one signal is required for activation of an APC?

Expert Solution
Step 1

A cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface is known as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell. The T cell receptors on T cells may be able to identify these complexes. T-cells are presented with antigens by APCs. Antigens can be presented in various ways by nearly all cell types. They can be found in many different types of tissue. 

Step 2

Antigen-activated B cells can also deliver the requisite costimulatory molecules to activate the T cell's CD28 receptor, in addition to their ability to choose antigen-correct T cells. To activate 56 T cells, you'll need two signals. The first signal is delivered by their antigen receptor, whereas the second signal is provided by APCs such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, or B cells, and is commonly provided by CD28. T cells do not mount an immune response to self-antigens because of the two-signaling requirement. T cells have no way of knowing which antigens are harmful and which are not. 

steps

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Infectious diseases
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780815344322
Author:
Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:
W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781260159363
Author:
Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9781260231700
Author:
Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:
McGraw Hill Education