Why do telomeres shorten each time cells divide? O This only occurs in tissues where telomerase is inactive. O The telomerase enzyme clips off a few units of telomere length each generation O They use an RNA template, like Okazaki fragments O They get damaged over time via normal cellular processes

Why do telomeres shorten each time cells divide? O This only occurs in tissues where telomerase is inactive. O The telomerase enzyme clips off a few units of telomere length each generation O They use an RNA template, like Okazaki fragments O They get damaged over time via normal cellular processes

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter12: Dna: The Carrier Of Genetic Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYU: Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is false? (a) eukaryotic chromosomes...

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Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers for DNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so each newly-synthesized strand of DNA has a segment of RNA al its 5 end. As replication proceeds, DNA polymerases remove these RNA segments and fill in the resulting gaps with DNA. However, the gaps at the very 5 ends of the new strands cannot be filled in with DNA. Why not? DNA replication leaves exposed about 100 nucleotides al the 5 end of each template strand, and these single-stranded ends are removed. What are the effects of this "end problem" on a cell's DNA as it continues to divide? FIGURE 8.12 DNA replication. Green arrows show the direction of synthesis for each strand. The Y-shaped structure where the DNA molecule is being unwound is called a replication fork. FIGURE 8.13 Discontinuous synthesis of DNA. This close-up of a replication fork shows that only one of the two new DNA strands is assembled continuously. The other is assembled in short segments.
Question 7 What is the function of primase? It O synthesizes an RNA primer. O separates DNA strands. synthesizes the DNA O joints Okazaki fragments. O removes primer.
Question 3 What is usually the cause for the insertion of long nucleotide repeats? O A hairpin that forms on the newly synthesized strand O A silent mutation O A chromosome inversion O A defective DNA polymerase
QUESTION 4 What is the most common mechanism among eukaryotes for increasing the number of functional genes in a genome? O Evolution de novo from non-coding DNA Gene duplication resulting in groups of genes called families O Horizontal gene transfer from other eukaryotes O Telomere replication
1 Question 33 Which of these genes would be on the bacterial chromosome, rather than on a plasmid? In other words, all of these genes are likely to be on a bacterial plasmid EXCEPT... Oa gene for degrading a certain environmental pollutant (e.g., oil). Oa gene for resistance to a certain antibiotic. O a gene for ATP synthase. Oa gene for making sex pili. stion 34
Question 5 In molecular cloning, what is transformation used for? O cut plasmid and insert insert recombinant DNA into bacterium remove plasmid from bacterium O join plasmid and insert together
Question 5 What is the role of TRF2 at the telomere? extends the 3' end of the G+T strand O packages DNA into heterchromatin O forms a platform for microtubule attachment O facilitates formation of the t-loop at the telomere and recruits RAP1
QUESTION 3 which of the following is true for methyl directed repair O A. methyl directed repair cannot distinguish the template strand from the newly replicated strand. O B. methyl directed repair changes both the template strand and the newly replicated strand. O C. methyl directed repair corrects the DNA strand that is methylated. O D. methyl directed repair corrects the mismatch by changing the newly replicated strand. O E. methyl directed repair corrects the mismatch by changing the template strand.
QUESTION 4 After you get your gene block, you do a restriction enzyme digest and ligation reaction with the plasmid/gene, so you can proceed to bacterial transformation! How does the plasmid get into the bacteria though? O You mix the plasmid in lipids with several other plasmids to make lentiviral vector that'll infect all the other cells. O The plasmid will be transmitted through a pilus to the other bacteria. O You make the bacteria chemically competent using calcium chloride, and then subject the cells to heat shock O Bacteria will naturally take up the plasmid so you don't need to worry about it.
Question 3 Which mutation that would result to a change of amino acid in the polypeptide? O missense mutation nonsense mutation silent mutation O frameshift mutation
QUESTION 8 Which of the following prevents shortening of eukaryotic chromosomal ends? Helicases Telomerase Topoisomerase Beta-clamps
Similar to prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a topoisomerase-ll-class enzyme called DNA gyrase, which can introduce negative supercoils into the relaxed circular DNA using energy of ATP. O True O False e Ques Moving to another question will save this response