Q: The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: C. What type of channel is the…
A: Introduction The acetylcholine receptor is an integral membrane protein receptor that is activated…
Q: The solubility of inhaled anesthetics in what substance correlates to their potency?
A: Inhalation anesthetics are used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in the operating…
Q: Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Because too much glutamate can…
A: Introduction : Glutamate is a substance used by nerve cells to communicate with other cells. It is…
Q: True or False. The binding affinity between a peptide agonist and its specific G protein coupled…
A: Introduction:- Intermolecular interactions such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals…
Q: synaptic transmission of glutamate and GABA
A: When a neuron connects with the cell of interest through a synapse involving a chemical messenger…
Q: Which factors determine the resting membrane potential? Explain why the resting membrane potential…
A: An action potential is a phenomena that happens when the voltage of a membrane rapidly increases and…
Q: While recording intracellularly from a DS RGC, you drift a light spot first rightward, and then…
A: For the above question recording intracellularly from a DS RGC, light source shows spiking in…
Q: Which of the following statements is generally true regarding the chemical messengers for…
A: The cell is covered by the cell membrane which is made up of lipids and proteins. Molecules which…
Q: In relation to Cushing’s Syndrome, a method that some scientists have used to treat the disease is…
A: Biochemical receptors are protein molecules that get activated when a ligand like drugs, or hormones…
Q: The blockade of which of the following receptors most likely mediated by nitrous oxide? a. 5-HT3…
A: The analgesic properties of Nitrous oxide N2O is attenuated by opiate receptor antagonists. The…
Q: Which of the following statements are true? a) Phospholipase C catalyzes the conversion of PIP3 to…
A: PI3K is a plasma membrane lipid kinase and Phospholipase C is an enzyme that is plasma…
Q: Phospholipase A2 causes the release of what fatty acid from membrane phospholipids? What chemical…
A: Phospholipase is an enzyme that breaks down phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic…
Q: Which of the following terms is used to describe a drug that has the same effect on a receptor as…
A: Since there are multiple questions in this particular question, I will answer the first one for you.…
Q: Which of the following are true of endocannabinoids? (Choose more than 1 answer) A. bind to…
A: Endocannabinoids control the operation of numerous organs and tissues in the body. CB1 and CB2…
Q: Predict whether inhibition of glutamate signaling activity, for example, by using a drug that blocks…
A: Synapses is a gap present between the ends of two nerve cell, i.e., the axon terminal of one nerve…
Q: Which of these statements about catecholamines is false? a.They include norepinephrine, epinephrine,…
A: The endocrine system includes different types of hormone release in the body. Hormones are chemical…
Q: Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine among having many physiological effects like…
A: Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are molecules called catecholamines. They are…
Q: All of the following are neurotransmitters except a. glutamate b. glycine c. H2S d. GSH
A: Neurotransmitters are single molecules and are chemical compounds that generate responses in the…
Q: Cholinergic Neurons What is the reaction that synthesizes ACh? What is the rate limiting step in…
A: Hi! Thanks for your question. But as you have posted multiple questions, I am answering only the…
Q: Can benzodiazepines or barbiturates alone cause an inhibitory effect on neurons? Why?
A: Inferable from the low restorative file of barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs) got mainstream in…
Q: When a G-coupled receptor is activated, does the By subunit activate any pathways? If yes, describe…
A: G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors. The…
Q: Glutamate is Select one: a. All of these b. often synthesized from glial-synthesized glutamine c.…
A: The human body comprises several coordinated mechanisms to maintain the functionality of the body.…
Q: is piracetam (nootropil) which is synthetic analogous of GABA, besides this it is capable to…
A: Neurological disorders: The diseases of the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous…
Q: What will be the receptor probability of the active state after you add a high dose of an…
A: Signaling pathway of the cell helps in communication with in the cell as well as between the cells.…
Q: Which of the following is true in regards to dopamine activity in the basal ganglia? (Select all…
A: The basal ganglia refer to the group of subcortical structures located in the brain. They comprise…
Q: Explain Ca21 as a Second Messenger?
A: Introduction Calcium is a very important ion present intracellularly. It controls various processes…
Q: What functional group interactions between the cate- cholamines and adrenoceptors are most likely?…
A: In physiology, catecholamines are defined as the hormones produced by adrenal glands and are…
Q: What is receptor activation?
A: A receptor is a molecule, most often a protein, that receives messages on behalf of a cell.…
Q: How can you tell if glutamate is an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?
A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are used to send signals to the other cells .…
Q: To maximize the activity of an α4β2 nicotinic Achtylchcholine Receptor (nAChR), how many agonist…
A: nAChR Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors are receptors that respond to Acetylcholine…
Q: The respiratory symptoms of asthma result from constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles of the…
A: Beta-adrenergic agonists are sympathomimetic drugs. The therapeutic effect of beta-adrenergic…
Q: The physiological effects of epinephrine should in principle be mimicked by addition of cAMP to the…
A: Epinephrine is the synthetic version of the hormone adrenaline. The hormone is released in response…
Q: Testerone is a steriod (lipid) hormone. Which of the following would be the most likely receptor for…
A: Hormones are the chemical molecules which acts as a chemical messenger for different body tissues…
Q: All the following statements about hormone sensitive phospholipase C are true except? a. Results in…
A: Many neurotransmitters or hormones control the activity of cells by activating a specific…
Q: Describe the biochemical signaling steps by which activation of the NMDA receptor causes the…
A: NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability that are…
Q: Lewis structures of mescaline, a hallucinogenic compoundin peyote cactus, and dopamine, a…
A: The brain cells secrete various chemicals known as neurotransmitters to send signals to various…
Q: An induced dipole-dipole interaction has been proposed between aromatic amino acid residues present…
A: Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system. It is derived from the…
Q: Why does morphine show less analgesic activity after oral administration?
A: A drug is any substance that causes an adjustment of an organic entity's physiology or brain…
Q: Shown are different derivatives of acetylcholine. N' A H2N H2N 1. Which one is expected to lose its…
A: Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine is a choline and acetic acid derivative where both are bond by ester…
Q: Why is it difficult to show vesicular release of neurotransmittermolecules by electron microscopy?
A: A microscope is a device used to examine microscopic organisms that are invisible to the naked eye.…
Q: Briefly discuss the major classes of second messenger thatare now recognized.
A: Second Messengers are signaling molecules present in the cell which are released in response to…
Q: If extracellular Ca2+ was returned to normal, but no Mg2+ was present in your preparation, what do…
A: The activation of both presynaptic and postsynaptic are required for LTP (long term potentiation)…
Q: GTPYS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Suppose this compound were added to a cell-free system…
A: The enzymes are known to break the nucleotides, which act as an essential step in several…
Q: Patients with Parkinson’s disease are sometimes given L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). What…
A: Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that help to transmit signals across the synapses. L-DOPA…
Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the release of glutamate? (Select all that apply)
Question 4 options:
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
- Which one of the following is not a criterion for small neurotransmitter (NT) status? a) postsynaptic receptor sites b) it is isolated from the presynaptic cytoplasmic terminal c) predictable amount of its release d) evidence of mechanism for inactivation and termination of its biological activityCalcium entry through NNDA receptor can potentiate synaptic transmission through the following mechanisms EXCEPT: a.) Insertion of AMPA receptors to postsynaptic membrane b.) Synthesis of NO to increase presynaptic transmitter release c.) Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors d.) Slowing down glutamate reupdate, so it remains longer in the synapseQuestion 23) For these three situations below, describe whether there are changes in humoral, viscero-motor, and somatic motor responses. If there are changes, describe them. A) A mouse mutant or MC4 receptors in the hypothalamic lateral area do not bind to alpha-MSH peptide B) A mutant mouse or MC4 receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus does not bind to alpha-MSH peptide C) A mutant mouse or the alpha-MSH neurons do not synthesize alpha-MSH
- Let’s say the synapses of a neuron’s dendrites are filled with glutamate-gated channels which, when activated by glutamate, cause an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the neuron. In one instance, glutamate is released at all of the synapses simultaneously and this leads to an action potential in the neuron. A) What type of summation of PSPs is this? Why? B) List the sequence of steps that occur starting from binding of glutamate to the glutamate-gated channels at the synapses and ending with the membrane potential at the axon hillock returning to resting potential at the end of the action potential. (Include all the changes in voltage-gated channels underlying the action potential.)Clostridium tetani toxin blocks the exocytosis of GABA. A. What anatomical part of a pre-synaptic neuron would be affected by this? B. How would a post-synaptic neuron’s likelihood of experiencing an action potential be affected by this toxin? C. Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosisAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
- Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and cSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning blocks neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction because (a) ACh is no longer released by the presynaptic terminal, (b) ACh synthesis in the presynaptic terminal is blocked, (c) ACh is not degraded, hence prolonged depolarization is enforced onthe postsynaptic cell, (d) ACh is blocked from attaching to the postsynaptic ACh receptors.Local anesthetic is often used in dentistry to lessen the sensation of pain during dental procedures. It prevents propagation of nerve conduction by decreasing the flow of ions. a. Describe how depolarization of an action potential can be blocked by the use of local anesthetic. b. Your classmate explained that once the threshold potential has been reached, the inside charge of the neuron is more positive than the outside charge. Is she correct? Can you compare the inside charge to the outside charge in an axon treated with local anesthetic?
- Both rhodopsin in vision and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in cardiac muscle are coupled to ion channels via G proteins. Describe the similarities and differences between these two systems.John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft