is piracetam (nootropil) which is synthetic analogous of GABA, besides this it is capable to accelerate dopamine synthesis and increases norepinephrine level. What is the meehanism of these drugs activity in brain disorders? For the answer: a) recollect biological functions of GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine; b) draw the reaction of GABA, dopamine, and norepincphrine synthesis, point out enzymcs and coenzymes; c) draw the reaction of GABA, dopamine, and norepinephtine inactivation and
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- 11. Mood enhancers include the following drug classes: 12. The most commonly used mood stabilizer for bipolar mania is:Susan Watts, a 30-year-old female client, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and was treated with paliperidone (Invega) 9 mg PO every day and benztropine (Cogentin) 1 mg PO2× a day. The client arrives at the clinic and is exhibiting the following symptoms. She is repeating what is said to her (echolalia) and is telling you that the sirens are loud and the paramedics are working hard to save the man. She yells over at the paramedics, she sees and tells them they are doing a great job. She has a flat affect and is bouncing her knees up and down as she sits staring at the wall where she is seeing and hearing the hallucination. Her husband is with her and stated he is worried about his wife because she has not bathed, washed, or combed her hair for 2 days now. She has not gone to work for the past week. He stated that she keeps failing to take her medications even with reminding. The client’s husband asks the LPN/LVN if there is any way the drug therapy could be managed differently so his…Write notes on clinical strategies for the treatment of (a) Huntington's disease and (b) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Include one example of a novel therapeutic strategy currently being investigated for each of these diseases.
- A new medication, BG-12, is showing promise in treating MS patients. The study testing this medication has demonstrated a 50% reduction in relapses and a 70% reduction in brain scarring. These are promising results and the FDA approved BG-12 as a first-line oral treatment for MS earlier this year. Overall, is this a good medication?Why pramipexol considered as a drug of advanced or initial stage of Parkinsonism management?Explain the mechanism by which indoleamine hallucinogens affect the brain, include their effects on receptors and the primary regions of the brain these receptors are located.
- Briefly describe the proposed mechanism of CNS depression by benzodiazepines. Give examples of most commonly used benzodiazepines. What side effects or clinical problems have to be monitored?What does the fact that rotenone appears to increase the susceptibility to Parkinson disease indicate about the etiology of Parkinson disease?Describe in detail the mechanism of action of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.
- Bipolar affective disorder – prophylaxis Mr XZ, age 32, is recovering from a period of mania, following a sustained period of depression. A diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder is made and the team would like to start prophylactic treatment. What is the aim of treatment? Is it important to treat, or can ‘watchful waiting’ be tried? What would you recommend? Outline the monitoring for the treatment you have recommended.1. what are priority intervention for client with intracranial regulation dysfunction, for example, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.?7. RG, a 35-year-old secretary in one of the law firm of his hometown, has a recent history of schizophrenia for about 2 weeks now, comes to one of the private clinic near his place of work, accompanied by his wife SK, complaining of tremors, shuffling gait and occasional increased in salivation especially when he missed to take his prescribed dose of benztropine together with his daily drug regimen of fluphenazine taken with a meal. His blood pressure is 90/60. His psychiatrist recently prescribed him with haloperidol decanoate given IM every month. What do you think the nurse might suspect about the cause of RG’s presenting signs and symptoms? What pertinent information would the nurse need to include in his health teaching session with AT and his wife SK regarding his present drug regimen (benztropine, fluphenazine and haloperidol decanoate)?