Which second messenger pathway enzyme is used with alpha-2 adrenergic receptors? A. phosphodiesterase (PDE) B. adenylate cyclase C. ATP hydrolase
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Which second messenger pathway enzyme is used with alpha-2 adrenergic receptors?
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- The release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs? A. the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels B. the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels C. the neurotransmitter is glutamate D. the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channelsWhich second messenger system is used with beta-1 adrenergic receptors? A. cyclic AMP B. ATP C. calciumName the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of acetylcholine into acetate and choline. Select one: a. Hydrolyase b. acetase c. Cholinase d. Acetylcholinase e. Acetylcholine esterase
- When ethanol binds to glutamate receptors it operates as a receptor ______________________ and prevents cellular _________________________. A. agonist / depolarization B. antagonist / hyperpolarization C. antagonist / depolarization D. agonist / hyperpolarizationThe drug Rohypnol ("roofies") acts as a sedative. What is the mechanism by which roofies act in the brain? A. Roofies act at the GABA receptor complex which opens a sodium channel B. Roofies act at the acetylcholine receptor C. Roofies act as a dopamine receptor agonist D. Roofies block the dopamine transporter E. Roofies act at the GABA receptor complex which opens a chloride channelIn relation to Cushing’s Syndrome, a method that some scientists have used to treat the disease is to use small molecules that bind to, but do not activate, MC2R. This type of molecule is considered an antagonist. How can an antagonist bind to the same receptor as ACTH but not activate it ? a. The antagonist binds covalently while ACTH binds non covalently b. The antagonist is only partially complimentary to the binding pocket of MC2R c. The antagonist binds to ACTH and blocks it from binding to the receptor properly d. The antagonist is the exact same structure as ACTH but since it is synthetic it doesn’t work
- Cocaine affects a synapse by blocking the reuptake or reabsorbtion of the neurotransmitter dopamine by the presynaptic neurons. Therefore,the levels of dopamine continue to build in the synapse, causing certain effects on the body. A. Explain how cocaine interferes with neural transmission across the synapse B.Describe the natural role of dopamine in the brain C. Predict how cocaine could be addictive after only one use.The function of monoamine oxidase is to a. convert norepinephrine into epinephrine b. speed up the digestion of cheese within the gut c. degrade catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms d. convert dopamine into norepinephrine The detection of table salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) occurs by which receptor mechanism a. Closing of potassium channels b. Opening of calcium channels c. Diffusion of sodium ions into the cell through sodium channels d. Activation of a sodium-sensitive G protein-coupled receptorWhich Phospholipase is responsible for tissue damage after a snake bite? A. A1B. A2C. DD. C
- At a normal NMJ, action potentials in the skeletal muscle cell can be blocked directly by? A. Curare, which inhibits nicotinic receptors. B. Atropine, which inhibits muscarinic receptors. C. Physostigmine, which inhibits ACHE. D. AP5, which inhibits NMDA receptors. E. Pentobarbital, which enhances the function of GABA on GABAA receptors.The drug Buckeyium binds to the NMDA receptor at the orthosteric binding site (were glutamate would normally bind). Assume that glycine is already bound, and that magnesium is not blocking the NMDAR ion channel. If the channel does not open as a result of Buckeyium binding than Buckeyium would be considered a ____________. A. Indirect Antagonist B. Positive Allosteric Modulator C. Negative Allosteric Modulator D. None of the choice options are correct E. Non-Competitive AntagonistWhat is maladaptive neuroplasticity? a. Neuroplasticity that affect the autonomic nervous system b. Neuroplasticity that has adverse effects c. Neuroplasticity that only last a short time d. Neuroplasticity that is dormant and cannot be activated