Choose a medication that acts as either an agonist or antagonist. Name of medication, the receptor that binds to and what kind of reaction it causes. Give an example of a patient that would be taking this medication?

Below is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A C rHNTX-IV (10 μM) -rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control Control 5 nA 10 ms r 5 nA 10 ms rHNTX- IV (10 μM) B D -80 -80 -60 -60 A -40 -40 V (mv) -20 V(mv) -20 be TOLF 2-6 I (NA) -8 ON -12 10 -12 -14 -8 -10 (NA) Control 100 nM — 10 μΜ 40 -Control -- 10 μM 40

Place the steps in the propagation of nerve impulses in the correct order. Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open in a neighboring cell membrane Sodium and potassium ion channels close Depolarization of the membrane caused by an increase in Na* permeability Hyperpolarization resulting from an increase in potassium ion permeability in response to Na ion influx

Alpha adrenergic antagonists compete with endogenous catecholamines for binding at alpha- 1 and alpha -2 receptors. Because norepinephrine and epinephrine cannot bind to a receptor that is occupied by an antagonist, the actions of catecholamines are inhibited. Adrenergic receptor blockers are used to treat hypertension.  What side effects can be expected?

Does the more a drug interacts with multiple neurotransmitter decreases its effect and efficiency? also does a drug need to be more potent if it involves several neurotransmitters?

Describe the opioid receptors. What are the endogenous ligands for those receptors? What happens when an opiate agonist activates its receptor?

How might an understanding of the effect of depressants and stimulants on homeostasis affect a person's decisions about whether or not to take these kinds of drugs?

1) As a physiologist, which of the following terms should you immediately associate with negative feedback regulation? Answer choices Constancy Relative constancy Relative constancy in interstitial fluid Relative constancy in intracellular fluid 2) Which of the following is true about physiological set-points? Answer choices  They act as the integrating center in a negative feedback arc They represent the internal environment They are determined by the actions of the receptors and integrating centers They are constant They act as the effector in a negative feedback arc 3) What is the general purpose of negative feedback mechanisms? Answer choice a. to maintain a constant internal environment b. To anticipate changes in the environment c. To return a variable to its set-point d. To bring about the rapid change of a variable e. To detect changes in the external environment

What are the effects of agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors? Which of the types of drug actions have the stronger and weaker overall effect on the body?

Long-term methamphetamine use leads to changes in the brain. Think about how methamphetamine changed where dopamine was found in the cell. What are some changes that you might expect based on this simulation?