Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A)The same transcription factors are found in all cell types. B)They can increase or decrease gene expression. C)They are a type of cis-acting element. D)They bind only to promoters.

Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A)The same transcription factors are found in all cell types. B)They can increase or decrease gene expression. C)They are a type of cis-acting element. D)They bind only to promoters.

Name: Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A)The same tr
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Description: Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A)The same transcription factors are found in all cell types. B)They can increase or decrease gene expression. C)They are a type of cis-acting element. D)They bind only to promoters. Which of t

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10TYU: Which of the following is an example of positive control? (a) transcription occurs when a repressor...

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Which of the following is NOT a reason cells regulate gene expression at a level other than the transcriptional level? Some proteins are only required in part of the cell and transcriptional control will only regulate the mRNA/protein throughout the cell. The core promoter for many genes is the same, so these genes will always be transcribed in the same cells. Differential gene expression in different cell types requires regulation of gene expression at levels other than transcription. Transcription and translation are realtively slow processes, so cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally if they require a fast change in expression of a gene. Not all cells are transcriptionally active (meaning they do not transcribe any genes), so these cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
Below is a model of a signal transduction pathway that results in the transcribing of mRNA: Receptor protein Transcription factor Phosphorylation cascade DNA mRNA What is the best description of what would happen if the phosphorylation cascade resulted in a phosphate being attached to the transcription factor? O mRN would not stop being transcribed from the DNA. O The phosphorylation cascade would continue to release excess phosphates. O mRNA would stop being translated from the DNA. O Receptor proteins would not bind to the signaling hormone.
Which of the following are regulatory elements (regions of DNA that are not transcribed or translated, but have a regulatory role)? Insulators Promoters Small interfering RNAS Transcriptional activator proteins Enhancers Transcription factors O Response elements
Which of the following is NOT true about cis-regulatory elements (CREs)? Group of answer choices Enhancers, silencers and promotors can be located anywhere in relation to the gene Enhancers are involved with increasing gene expression CREs often contain motifs that allow transcription factors to bind CREs are involved in determining the timing, location and amount of gene expression
What is the role of general transcription factors? GTFs bind to enhancers or silencers and regulate transcription GTFs bind to the core promoter and allow transcriptional initiation GTFs are cis-acting regulatory sequences GTFs regulate the length of the mRNA GTFs are part of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and control transcription initiation
Which statement is correct about expression of a gene regulated by Gal4? O Galactose increases gene expression by inhibiting Gal80 O Galactose increases gene expression by binding Gal4 O Galactose decreases gene expression by binding RNA polymerase O Gal4 binds to the promoter O Gal80 binds to the promoter
e table below with the word that matches the definition in the right column. regulatory proteins (transcription factors) that speed up transcription by helping RNA polymerase bind to a promoter DNA sequences that indicate where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins-typically located upstream from the 5C end Proteins bound to DNA that affect when and how fast a gene is transcribed These factors slow down/shut off transcription either by preventing access to promoters or by keeping RNA polymerase from moving along the DNA strand 3 Regulatory DNA sequénces located upstream or downstream from an associated gene that enhance the transcription rate of that gene when bound to specific proteins 3A sequence of DNA that when bound to a transcription factor blocks the inappropriate effect of an enhancer on a neighboring gene
The amount of this in the cell rises as DNA synthesis begins. Cis-acting element that can increase transcription at a distant promoter. Encoded by, and required to propagate, Long INterspersed Element transposons. 1. steroid hormone The amount of this in the cell falls rapidly as DNA 2. steroid hormone receptor synthesis begins. Upon binding its ligand, it 3. DNA methyltransferase dimerizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence. 4. Adenosine deaminase Covalently modifies other proteins during a specific 5. Peptide hormone phase of the cell cycle. Regulatory signal that 6. Histone acetyltransferase binds to the extracellular domain of a receptor 7. Enhancer protein. 8. Recognizes and cuts a pair Reverse transcriptase of short inverted repeats in DNA. 9. Transposase Passes unassisted through membranes to bind to its target protein, which then activates gene expression. Base-modifying enzyme that changes the pairing properties of its substrate. Decondenses chromatin by neutralizing the…
Consider gene expression in a prokaryotic or bacterial cell. Which of the following is true for transcription in this cell? Select all that apply. During Transcription, the enzyme topoisomerase relaxes negative supercoiling in the DNA strands MRNA can be synthesized by Transcription and at the same time this mRNA can be used for protein synthesis or Translation MRNA has to be processed before leaving the nucleus RNA polymerase requires sigma factor for efficient transcription initiation
The diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.
As discussed in Lipids 3, SREBPs are a type of transcription factor involved in lipid homeostasis. SREBPs regulate the expression of genes that encode for anabolic enzymes. Normally SREBPs are degraded within 3 hours. Pancreatic cancer cells prevent this from happening, which increases cholesterol production within the tumor. If maintaining SREBPs for a longer period of time increases lipid synthesis, then these transcription factors are: O introducing a point mutation within the mRNA, causing the ribosome to synthesize a better protein binding to the promoter and preventing RNA polymerase from accessing the transcription start site introducing a premature stop codon within the mRNA, causing the ribosome to terminate translation binding upstream of the promoter and recruiting RNA polymerase to the transcription start site binding to the origin of replication and recruiting DNA polymerase for bidirectional synthesis
Lack of phosporylation of the C-terminal domian of Pol Il will result in which of the following? O Assembly of the full set of general transcription factors plus Pol II at the promoter, but unphosphorylated Pol II cannot leave the promoter region No assembly of the general transcription factors at a promoter No binding of Pol II at a promoter The unphosphorylated Pol II can initiate and elongate but cannot terminate