Which of the following is LEAST consistent with how behavior tends to evolve? Changes to underlying neural mechanisms, such as neurotransmitter receptors that affect motivation, can result in major changes in behavioral phenotypes Tweaks to the developmental process, such as play or learning, can cause evolutionary divergence in behavior Changes in the properties of sensory receptors can shift preferences and choices Variation in the gene for a given behavior results in population divergence   Why are there biases in learning processes? The initial neural structure underlying learning may not allow every possible learned association Some cues are more likely than others to be associated with particular things, which has shaped the evolution of neural networks that represent the world Reducing the range of possible things a brain can learn can be one way to reduce the costs of learning All of the above

Domestic cats and dogs and other domesticated animals have they shown any signs of evidence of evolution or adaptation since the day they become domesticated? Like their getting larger or different shapes or behavioral especially cats

Prairie dogs exhibit a behavior that appears to be contrary to that of natural selection. One will act as a lookout for the others of the community, demonstrating a warning call when observing an eagle flying overhead. This loud noise calls attention to himself which puts him more in harms way than if he ran to hide discretely. However, the warning call allows the others of his community to react and protect themselves. This selfless act is an example of imprinting innate behavior altruistic behavior classical conditioning 500

Explain why technologies such as computers and cellphones are not adaptions. Be sure that your answer is biology-based, not sociology-based or psychology-based.

EVOLUTION CONNECTION We often explain our behaviorin terms of subjective feelings, motives, or reasons, butevolutionary explanations are based on reproductive fitness.Discuss the relationship between the two kinds of explanation.For instance, is an explanation for behavior such as “falling inlove” incompatible with an evolutionary explanation?

What are the key behavioral characteristics of the howler monkey? For example, preferred habitat, activity pattern (diurnal, nocturnal), ecology, diet (insectivore, gumivore, frugivore, folivore, etc.) locomotor pattern or patterns, and social structure.

Explain from the standpoint of relatedness, that there is no reason to think that either bonobo society or chimpanzee society is a better model for human behavior.

Intrasexual selection favors traits that   enhance direct competition among individuals of the same sex. are attractive to the opposite sex. increase survival. are easily adapted to change.

During mating season, males of certain species will perform displays of aggression toward other males when approached while they are courting a female. This type of behavior is an example of     altruistic behavior     agonistic behavior     fixed action pattern     polygamous behavior     predatory behavior   The capacity to make changes in behavior on the basis of experience is known as     a fixed action.     learning.     habituation.     conditioning.   Which of the following statements is not true concerning the optimal foraging theory?      forager tries to maximize the energy gained     forager tries to minimize the energy expended     forager secures essential nutrients     forager tries to minimize the risk of getting eaten while gathering food     forager contributes to the growth of its population by gathering food

Bayesian updating can be a useful tool for thinking about the development of behavior. Imagine the following scenario with respect to an animal’s knowledge of the average density of food in patches in their environment. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of this Bayesian view of this animal? Their environment is much richer in food resources than expected Their confidence in their assessment of the state of the environment is greater after they go out and sample the world Their environment is less rich than expected – perhaps there is a drought that has caused a crash in food availability relative to historical conditions All of the above