What insight about the genetic basis of behavior emerges fromstudying the effects of courtship mutations in fruit flies and ofpair-bonding in voles?
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What insight about the genetic basis of behavior emerges from
studying the effects of courtship mutations in fruit flies and of
pair-bonding in voles?
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- Cooperative behaviour is widely found among animals. Provide the following: 1) an example of cooperative behaviour between genetically related individuals 2) an example of cooperative behaviour between unrelated individuals. For each of the examples, also describe the mechanism(s) involved in maintaining cooperative behaviours during their interactions.What is the concerted model for allosteric behavior?What is the sequential model for allosteric behavior?
- One of the first genes that was determined to control circadian-clock timing is the per gene in Drosophila. Mutants of this genehave shorter or longer circadian free-running rhythms, as wellas shorter or longer periods of a much faster rhythmic courtshipsong. What does this observation suggest about the relationshipbetween circadian rhythms and shorter, hourglass-timingrhythms?You have received a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study male signalling in peacock spiders. After your university takes most of that money for overhead costs, you now have a small amount left over to spend on peacock spider research over the next 3 years. What is the first question that you would focus on that you think would increase our understanding of peacock spider male displays the most? State a relevant hypothesis and explain briefly how you would go about testing it.Behavioral complexity in animals is controlled by a variety of potential sources or types of design information. Of these various sources which is most directly responsible for the difference in behavioral sophistication between contemporary humans and non-humans animals?
- In an investigation of fruit fly behavior, an enclosed choice chamber was used to test whether the spatial distribution of flies is affected by the presence of a substance placed at one end of the chamber. To test the flies’ preference for different substances, 50 flies were introduced into the choice chamber. A piece of ripe banana was placed at the end of the chamber on side A and a piece of unripe banana was placed at the end of the chamber on side B (Figure 1). The positions of the flies were observed and recorded at the start of the experiment and after 10 minutes (Table 1).Imagine we identify a gene that is directlyresponsible for the effects of vasopressin on male mammals, includinghumans—we will call it trust1—that leads to the productionof a vasopressin receptor in the brain, which we will callTRUST1. There are different versions of trust1, all of which lead todifferent levels of the behavior associated with this neuropeptideon male behavior. Give some examples where it would be a goodidea to know a particular male’s genotype—that is, which of thetrust1 genes he has. Give an example of when you think science hasgone too far and this information should not be knownThe acquisition of memories can be demonstrated in rodents on a T-maze task. In this task, a food reward is placed in one of two arms of a T. Over many trials, a rodent is required to learn which arm contains the reward. In an experiment to determine whether the gene Homeriav is involved in memory, a mouse was trained on a T-maze. The results over five trials of training are shown: a. This task tests both innate and learned behaviors. Describe the innate behavior tested by this task. Explain how innate behaviors contribute to the survival of a species. b. A scientist reviewing this experiment notes that insufficient controls were performed to determine whether mutations in Homer1aV affects the function of physiological systems outside of the nervous system. Identify a physiological system outside of the nervous system that contributes to the performance of this task. Explain how the function of this system contributes to the task. c. Describe how the consumption of food by the rodent…
- Why imprinting is considered as a learned behavior and not an innate behavior?A region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreedingseason and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change isprobably associated with the annual(A) addition of new syllables to a canary’s song repertoire.(B) crystallization of subsong into adult songs.(C) sensitive period in which canary parents imprint on newoffspring.(D) elimination of the memorized template for songs sung theprevious year.What is the prototype approach? What experiments did Rosch do thatdemonstrated connections between prototypicality and behavior?