Which of the following ideas is NOT included in Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution? * Natural selection eliminates adaptive traits. The great variety of species live today resulted from the diversification of ancestral species. All organisms that have ever existed arose through evolutionary modifications of ancestral species. Natural selection drives some evolutionary changes. no answer There are four principles of natural selection namely: overproduction, adaptation, variation, and descent with modification. Which of the following situations BEST describes adaptation? * Jaguars with large teeth and jaws survive longer because they can eat shelled reptiles. By chance, some jaguars are born with slightly larger teeth and jaws. A jaguar may produce many offspring, but because of competition, not all of them will survive long enough to reproduce. Large teeth and jaws become more common in jaguars because they are heritable characteristics. no answer

Which of the following ideas is NOT included in Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution? * Natural selection eliminates adaptive traits. The great variety of species live today resulted from the diversification of ancestral species. All organisms that have ever existed arose through evolutionary modifications of ancestral species. Natural selection drives some evolutionary changes. no answer There are four principles of natural selection namely: overproduction, adaptation, variation, and descent with modification. Which of the following situations BEST describes adaptation? * Jaguars with large teeth and jaws survive longer because they can eat shelled reptiles. By chance, some jaguars are born with slightly larger teeth and jaws. A jaguar may produce many offspring, but because of competition, not all of them will survive long enough to reproduce. Large teeth and jaws become more common in jaguars because they are heritable characteristics. no answer

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10TYU: Which of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve...

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Lamarck was an early naturalist who published his own ideas about species changing over time. He, however was mistaken about one critical aspect of evolution. If you could travel back in time what advice would you give Lamarck to correct his misunderstanding? Tell him that species actually do change and evolve over time Tell him that traits acquired during an organisms life are not passed on to offspring Tell him that artificial selection does not lead to new varieties of plants and animals Tell him that characteristics are heritable: Parents do pass on their characteristics to their offspring
Which of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traits acquired during an individuals lifetime (d) natural selection acts on a populations genetic variability, which arises through mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a population
Both Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on islands, concluded that natural selection is the mechanism for biological evolution. The Hawaiian and nearby islands once had at least 30 species of honeycreeper birds and lived nowhere else on earth. Natural section occurs everywhere in all species. What characteristics of islands allow the outcome of natural selection to be so obvious?
In your own words describe the four basic causes of evolution include examples: * Mutation * Natural selection * Genetic drift * Gene flow
What are some of the ways that Darwin's theory of natural selection played out in human evolution? Can you see evidence of particular adaptations as our ancestors evolved, speciated, and in some cases went extinct?
Which of the following is evidence that supports Darwin's theory of common descent? (Choose all that apply) There are patterns in the fossil record that suggest some species have diverged from a single ancestral species There are biogeographic patterns in the distribution of species, for instance, distinct bird species on an island tend to resemble one another, s ancestor There are common stages in the early embryological development of organisms in several distinct vertebrate groups. Anatomical structures, such as forelimbs, in different groups appear to be modified versions of structures that might have been present in a co Similar anatomical features in different organisms always indicated close common ancestry
Imagine that you are an evolutionary biologist currenyly studying a particular species of snake on an island off the coast of Durban, South Africa and that you have information indicating that1000 years ago, the same species of snakes in that island was observed to exist in a variety of colours (Red blue,yellow green) and that most of the snakes were blue. This same species of snakes and the same mixof colours were also found on the mainland (i.e Kwazulu Natal) Assuming that all the snakes are descended from an ancestral blue snake, explain this change in colour frequency (evolution) as though it were based solely on each of the following processes. a. Natural selection b. Bottleneck effect c. Founder effect
Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. VWhales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to lose these structures. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse. OIf the function of these structures has diminished over long periods of time, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. O Natural selection cannot account for losses, but accounts only for new structures and functions.
Vhy was natural selection controversial to biologists in Darwin's time? It was a cruel and unfair principle as to why species change. B) It went against the religious beliefs of the time. There was no evidence that descent with modification during Darwin's time. He had no explanation for how advantageous traits were passed from parent to offspring.
Why was Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection revolutionary? * It dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations. It was the first time a biologist had proposed that species change through time. It proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time. It was the first theory to refute special creation. No answer
Deer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer mice that live in the Sand Hills of Nebraska, however, have evolved a lighter coloring, the result of a change in one gene. How does this information illustrate natural selection?* O Speciation occurs when groups are geographically isolated. O The population evolved when the gene frequency remained the same. O Individuals, not populations, evolve. A variation helped individuals to survive in their environment and to pass on their genes to the next generation.
Four of the five factors below support the mechanism of natural selection. In contrast, the fifth factor blocks natural selection from occurring. Which one of the factors listed below does NOT lead to natural selection, but instead stops it from occurring? O Characteristics are inherited - passed from parent to offspring. O Organisms in a population are identical to each other. O There is competition among organisms in a population. O More offspring are born than can survive. O Organisms in a population vary in characteristics that affect how well they survive and reproduce. o o oO