What is the first step in the antigen-antibody interaction? A.) opsonization B.) epitope production C.) neutralization D.) phagocytosis E.) agglutination

Q: Which is not one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation a-Redness b-Swelling c-Pain…

A: Introduction: Inflammation is the procedure by which ones brain's white blood cells and also the…

Q: What is the function of the MHC antigens?

A: MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex.

Q: Why specifically is IgM produced upon the primary immune response while IgG is produced upon the…

A: Antibodies protect against immunogens that invade the cells. Antibodies are of five types. That are…

Q: what are the functions of antigen presentation?

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which protein antigen is is presented to lymphocytes in the…

Q: What is Immunoprecipitation?

A: Immunoprecipitation is a technique that is used to isolate a specific protein complex from a…

Q: What is the purpose of using a secondary antibody?

A: Antibodies are the sites where antigen binding occurs on the surfaces of B- cell or membrane,…

Q: How might IRA B cells prevent bacterial sepsis?

A: Innate response activator B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth…

Q: What is the mechanism underlying the allergic response to an antibiotic?

A: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substances that fight bacterial infections in people and…

Q: What is Helper T cells?

A: Step 1 The immune system has two types of about trillion lymphocyte cells, called B-lymphocytes and…

Q: Please answer fast Which type of cells normally drive class switching to IgE and how? How might the…

A: Answer

Q: What is Delayed hypersensitivity?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions created by the conventional immune system, as well…

Q: how does the body differentiate between self and non-self antigens?

A: Immune systems protects a person from foreign antigens or dangerous invaders such as microbes,…

Q: The skin and bodily secretions provide the first line of defense against infection. One response in…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system that covers the body and provides three main…

Q: What is the major cell type involved in graft rejection?

A: T-Cell  the major cell type involved in graft rejection.

Q: What phagocytic cell types are involved in the acute inflammatory response? What is the role of…

A: The fundamental phagocytes engaged with acute inflammation are the neutrophils, a kind of white…

Q: What are monoclonal antibodies?

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Q: What is the difference between an antigen and a hapten?

A: Difference between Antigen and Hapten : Antigen : A toxin or other foreign substance which induces…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: What is Allergy (Hypersensitivity)?

A: When immune system responds abnormally to a foreign substance like antigen or an allergen  , it's…

Q: What sorts of pathogens could successfully attack a patient who is unable to produce T lymphocytes?

A: White blood cell protects body from pathogen. Specifically lymphocyte doing this job. Lymphocytes…

Q: What is Cytotoxic T cells?

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: Why should B cells residing in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues produce IgA?

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are concerned with the Humoral immune response of the…

Q: What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?

A: A cytotoxic T cell is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells or cells infected/ damaged in other…

Q: Why are MHC proteins so highly variable?

A: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a group of genes that code for proteins found on the…

Q: What is the function of an antigen-presenting cell?

A: Antigen presenting cells are some type of heterogeneous group of immune cells which mediate the…

Q: What is the major defect in AIDS, and what causes it?

A: AIDS is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a chronic and life-threatening disorder. AIDS is…

Q: What is the basic structure of the antibody molecule?

A: Antibody is a protein molecule that is generated in the living body by plasma membrane. It…

Q: Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing…

A: Antibody titer basically refers to the amount of antibody produced by the organisms. This value is…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody…

A: one of the ways infectious agents or pathogens invade the immune system of human body is by altering…

Q: Match the following with A. First line of defense, B. second line of defense, C third line of…

A: INTRODUCTION         In the human body there are three lines of defence it may fight against the…

Q: What physical barrier and non-specific defenses help to prevent infection? How is a "non- specific"…

A: Hello, thank you for your questions. According to our policy, I am answering the first question. If…

Q: What is y-interferon?

A: Interferons are group of naturally occurring substance that interferes with the ability of viruses…

Q: What are antigen-presenting cells?

A: Introduction :- A heterogeneous collection of immune cells called antigen-presenting cells (APCs)…

Q: Which cells are attacked by HIV?

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)-It attacks the body's immune system and can leads to AIDS if left…

Q: What is Natural antibodies?

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: What is opsonization? What is the role of antibodies in this process?

A: When the immune system recognizes foreign antigen enters in the body, complement activation occurs.…

Q: What is the immunity of agranulocytes?

A: Agranulocytes are mononuclear cells which are  a type of white blood cells or leukocytes. these…

Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors, and how are they constructed?

A: Receptors are the cell surface or intracellular molecules to which a ligand binds.

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium and an intracellular virus independently be targeted by a…

A: Cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells  provide protection against differen types of pathoges.…

Q: What is an immunization?

A: Immunity is a term used to describe a complex organism's ability to combat harmful pathogens.…

Q: What are the functions of Helper T cell markers?

A: Answer: Introduction: The T helper cells (TH cells), also called as CD4+ cells, it is a type T cell…

Q: Which components are considered a barrier to pathogen entry? all that apply Select one or more: a.…

A: pathogens are microorganisms which can cause disease and disorders in humans when they enter the…

Q: How do activated B cells fight a current infection?

A: B cells / B lymphocytes are originated and matured in the bone marrow and then circulated…

Q: What are the functions of Cytotoxic T cell markers?

A: T lymphocytes are the important cells in the cell-mediated immune response. There are different…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.