Which of the following are true about how pancreatic β cells sense blood glucose levels and release insulin?  (select all that apply) Group of answer choices The first step of glycolysis (producing glucose 6-phosphate) is more efficient in pancreatic β cells than in muscle glucose transporters in pancreatic β cells have a higher affinity for glucose than the transporters in other tissues Increased production of ATP is used as a signal that blood glucose is high Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are high Increases in ATP open a K+ channel Influx of Ca2+ stimulates insulin release

1. Please explain the picture using the following terms: Receptor, (G protein or ligand-gated ion channel) Protein kinases and phosphorylation Secondary messengers  Response (DNA to protein = expression of a protein/trait/action by a cell)

Discuss the differences in plasma glucose contents, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate contents and plasma insulin contents among the normal feed rats, 24 hr starved rats and 48 hr starved rats.

Falling energy levels increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, priming AMPK for activation by the liver kinase B1 (LKB1). AMPK phosphorylates multiple targets with the cumulative effect of blocking anabolic reactions and stimulating energy-generating catabolic pathways. Group of answer choices True False

Which of the following are the effects of insulin on skeletal muscle cells and which are not? Which are the effects of insulin on adipocytes? Inhibits gluconeogenesis Inhibits lipolysis Stimulates glucose entry into cell Stimulates glycogenolysis Stimulates triglyceride synthesis

What protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrate

What is the mass transfer by diffusion for t:slim insulin pump ?

Which of the following are mechanisms that prevent the liver from using up glucose that is more urgently required by other tissues? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices Glucokinase (the liver's version of hexokinase) has a lower affinity for glucose than hexokinase does GLUT2 has a lower affinity for glucose than GLUT4 does The liver produces insulin when blood glucose levels are low The liver does not express a phosphofructokinase enzyme The liver increases glycolysis in response to glucagon

When the energetic needs of hepatocytes are being met, which of the following occurs? Acetyl-CoA inhibits pyruvate carboxylase. ATP inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase1). ATPactivatesglycogenphosphorylase(phosphorylasea). Acetyl-CoA stimulates pyruvate kinase. None of the above Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please

Which processes are involved in the signaling pathway from insulin to glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inactivation (select all that apply)? O protein kinase B being activated by a protein kinase known as PDK-1 O activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by phosphorylation O phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase associating with IRS-1 generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate O protein kinase B phosphorylating GSK3, resulting in its activation O insulin binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor