Q: Please explain mitochondrial DNA inheritance . How is it inherited ? Why is it predisposed to…
A: The cell contains the nucleus, which includes the cell's genetic material called nucleic acid. The…
Q: What makes mitochondrial DNA unique?
A: An extranuclear, double-stranded, circular DNA molecule found exclusively in mitochondria is…
Q: How Mitochondrial Mutations May Affect Human Aging?
A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes that occur in the DNA sequences due to error while…
Q: A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast) called cox2-1 was found that was unable…
A: Cycloxygenase (COX-2) are enzymes that produce prostaglandins, and act as pro-inflammatory…
Q: What are two examples of cytosolic chaperone proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import?
A: Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and he is involved in the synthesis of proteins. The…
Q: What genes can be found in mitochondrial DNA?
A: The DNA found in the mitochondrial region of a eukaryotic cell is called as mitochondrial DNA. It…
Q: A mitochondrial quinone that is ubiquitous to all animals is _______________________. It also goes…
A: Electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to O2 through a series of electron carriers present on…
Q: Explain the likely evolutionary origin of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. How have the sizes…
A: Mitochondria also are known as a powerhouse because it helps to release energy from food.…
Q: What is chloroplast mutation?
A: An organelle is a specialized cellular structure in the cell that performs specific function. They…
Q: If you had a protein X, which is a solubleenzyme found inside the peroxisome, and you wished to…
A: Proteins chain of amino acids which join together to form protein. Proteins are found in the…
Q: One mitochondrial disease and include what is/are the gene mutation(s) that contribute to this…
A: Mitochondrial diseases are long-term, genetic, often inherited disorders that occur.
Q: Discuss the structure and organization of the mitochondrial andchloroplast genomes. How large are…
A: The genome of the chloroplast is classified into three operative sections that include…
Q: The RI2IM mutant complex I has the ability to accept protons but cannot pass them to ubiquinone.…
A: Cellular respiration is a process of conversion of glucose molecule into energy carrier molecule. It…
Q: Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), Pearson syndrome,and progressive external opthalmoplegia (PEO) arerare…
A: It is given that Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), Pearson syndrome, and progressive external…
Q: What are the features of mitochondrial DNA ?
A: FEATURES OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ARE :- 1) Mitochondrial DNA is a double stranded , circular DNA…
Q: Describe the general features of the mitochondrial andchloroplast genomes.
A: Mitochondria are cell organelles found in plants and animal cells, which serve the purpose of…
Q: What is mitochondrial inheritance?
A: Mitochondria are a type of an organelle present in a cell. It is primarily responsible for the…
Q: What's the role of VDAC1 mitochondrial protein in human diseases?
A: Mitochondrial proteins are proteins present within the mitochondria of cells, including within the…
Q: How does binding of mHTT protein to mitochondria disruptmitochondrial function?
A: Huntingtin disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by a defect…
Q: A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast) called cox2-1 was found that was unable…
A: It is given that a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae called cox2-1 lack a mitochondrial…
Q: What is the function of mitochondrial DNA?
A: The double-membrane bound cell organelle involved in energy production is called mitochondria. This…
Q: The PolG mouse has a mutation in its mitochondrial (mt) DNA polymerase, leading to increased mtDNA…
A: D. An increase in DNA mutation By exercise their is a decrease or reduction in further mutations…
Q: What is heteroplasmy? How it affects mitochondrial inheritance? Use specific examples to describe…
A: heteroplasmy is presence of more than one type of organelle genome.
Q: Use curve arrows to show the mechanism for the proposed conversion of 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d to 4.
A:
Q: Does the concentration of different sugar solutions affect the rate of cellular respiration in…
A: Yeast is a single-celled fungus that can respire aerobically as well as anaerobically to release…
Q: Some living organisms are under considerable pressure tostreamline their genomes for the sake of…
A: They are endosymbionts that over time lost many of their genes or transported them to the nuclear…
Q: What was the fate of the mitochondrial genes no longer harbored by the mitochondria?
A: Mitochondria is the power house of the cells. It is present in the all eukaryotic cells and…
Q: What is mitochondrial DNA and how is it inherited?
A: Mitochondria are organs that present within eukaryotic cells. It performs vital functions such as…
Q: What is the likely nature of the morphogenetic substance that gives rise to alkaline phosphatase?
A: Morphogens are proteins which control morphogenesis of an organism. Morphogens play a key role in…
Q: Mitochondrial genomes in different organisms varygreatly Why?
A: A single mitochondrion contains several copies of its genome within the matrix. The number of copies…
Q: How does the protein SF 9G8 affect body fat in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies)?
A: Drosophila melanogaster is a fly species belonging to the Drosophilidae family. The species is often…
Q: what are Mitochondrial exceptions to the universalgenetic code?
A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…
Q: Define Mitochondrial Mutations- Human Genetic Disorders ?
A: The cell is the fundamental unit of life. A tissue is a collection of cells that work together to…
Q: Explain the action of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein
A: An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a protein present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
Q: What is the most common mitochondrial disease?
A: Mitochondria are cell organelles within eukaryotic cells, which produce adenosine triphosphate…
Q: How many copies of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene are integrated in Human chromosomal DNA ?
A: NCBI BLAST is an alignment bioinformatic tool that helps researchers to identify the query…
Q: What processes (besides Complex I and Complex II) contribute QH2 to the Q Cycle of Complex III?
A: The electron transport chain refers to the part of aerobic respiration that occurs in the…
Q: How do someone inherit mitochondrial DNA?
A: The genome represents the genetic material in an organism having a set of chromosomes which is…
Q: What is the role of mitochondrial DNA?
A: Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) located in mitochondria, cellular…
Q: How do mitochondrial proteins interact with IAPs to prevent inhibition of apoptosis?
A: Multicellular organisms experience apoptosis, which is a type of programmed cell death. Cell death…
Q: According to the figure below, which of these proteins might be expected to reside in the…
A: The mitochondrial membrane: Made of phospholipid bilayer; has porin to allow passage of small…
Q: Define Mitochondrial Mutations- HumanGenetic Disorders ?
A: The cell is the basic unit of life. The tissue is a group of cells that perform a specific function.…
Q: How many genes are in human mitochondrial DNA?
A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…
Q: Do females pass on mitochondrial DNA?
A: The DNA consists of genes that are the functional and physical unit of inheritance. There are some…
Q: Define Mitochondrial Mutations ?
A: Introduction DNA strands are composed of nucleotide base pairs such as Adenine, guanosine cytosine,…
Q: Components of the TIM complexes, the multi- subunit protein translocators in the mitochondrial inner…
A: Uracil is a very important nucleobase that is a crucial part of the RNA, which is a nucleic acid.…
Which complex is the only complex from the respiratory pathway that has no
proteins encoded by the mitochondrial chromosome?
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- Describe what would happen to the precursor of a mitochondrial matrix protein in the following types of mitochondrial mutants: (a) a mutation in the Tom22 signal receptor; (b) a mutation in the Tom70 signal receptor; (c) a mutation in the matrix Hsp70; and (d) a mutation in the matrix signal peptidase.What are two examples of cytosolic chaperone proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import?What's the role of VDAC1 mitochondrial protein in human diseases?
- The DNA located inside of mitochondria exhibits approximately ten times the mutation rate seen in nuclear DNA. Provide an explanation as to why this is the case and what are the effects of this higher mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA on disease processes?Why does it make good physiological sense that regular bouts of prolonged exercise will result in mitochondrial biogenesis?A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast) called cox2-1 was found that was unable togrow on media containing glycerol as the sole sourceof carbon and energy. (Glycerol is a nonfermentablesubstrate for yeast.) This strain could, however, growon the fermentable substrate glucose. Researchers discovered that cox2-1 cells lack a mitochondrial proteincalled cytochrome c oxidase.a. Explain why cox2-1 cells can grow on mediumcontaining glucose but not on glycerol medium.
- A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast) called cox2-1 was found that was unable togrow on media containing glycerol as the sole sourceof carbon and energy. (Glycerol is a nonfermentablesubstrate for yeast.) This strain could, however, growon the fermentable substrate glucose. Researchers discovered that cox2-1 cells lack a mitochondrial proteincalled cytochrome c oxidase.a. Explain why cox2-1 cells can grow on mediumcontaining glucose but not on glycerol medium.b. When cox2-1 was crossed with a wild-type yeaststrain and the resultant diploid cells were allowedto grow mitotically, it was found that about half thediploid clones were able to grow on glycerol, whilethe other half could not. The diploid clones thatcould grow on glycerol were induced to sporulate,and they yielded tetrads with four spores that wereall able to grow on glycerol medium. In all of thesetetrads, two of the haploid progeny were of matingtype a and two of mating type α. The diploids thatcould not…What are two examples of cytosolic chaperone proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import? Upon binding the synthesized protein how does it prevent protein folding?Only 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.
- The biogenesis of functional mitochondria is dependent upon the products of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, which poses several regulatory and logistical issues. Interestingly, many of the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are regulated at the transcriptional level by Myc (activates transcription) and p53 (often represses transcription). Does this make sense? Why or why not?Mitochondrial matrix proteins can never be mis-targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum during synthesis because MRNAS encoding mitochondrial matrix proteins bind to a special class of cytoplasmic ribosomes that only synthesize mitochondrial proteins they are frequently targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum but are rapidly degraded they don't interact with signal recognition particle they are always synthesized inside the mitochondriaCompare the abundance of cristae in the mitochondria in Fig. 18.11b (677) with those in Fig. 20.21 (760). Is there a difference? What might this reflect in functional terms?