What’s Wrong?  In Exercises 25–28, identify what is wrong. Smokers The electronic cigarette maker V2 Cigs sponsored a poll showing that 55% of smokers surveyed say that they feel ostracized “sometimes,” “often,” or “always.”

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Bullying,” according to noted expert Dan Olweus, “poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child.” Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure anxiety in a group of bullies and a group of victims using an 18-item, 5-point anxiety scale. Assume scores on the anxiety scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the anxiety scores are the same among bullies and victims. The group of 23 bullies scored an average of 40.1 with a sample standard deviation of 10 on the anxiety scale. The group of 28 victims scored an average of 46.8 with a sample standard deviation of 11 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether bullies or victims will be more anxious, so you formulate…

Oxygen consumption was measured in twelve individuals while they sat with their eyes closed listening to an exciting adventure story read by Taylor Swift or a restful instrumental medley performed by Metallica. Based on the results shown, is oxygen consumption less when listening to the music?                                     Story                           Music                           6.1                               5.4                         7.2                               6.7                         5.7                               5.4                         6.4                               4.2                         5.8                               4.0                         6.2                               4.1

Random digit dialing telephone surveys used to exclude cell phone numbers. If the opinions of people who have only cell phones differ from those of people who have landline service, the poll results may not represent the entire adult population. The Pew Research Center interviewed separate random samples of cell-only and landline telephone users who were less than 30 years old. Here’s what the Pew survey found about how these people describe their political party affiliation.     Do we reject, or fail to reject, the null hypothesis?