MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781119256830
Author: Amos Gilat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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**Study on Sleep Apnea and Gum Disease**

**Introduction:**  
Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. A cross-sectional study involved 310 adults with sleep apnea, revealing that 155 of them also had gum disease. In comparison, about 17.5% of the general population suffers from gum disease.

**Study Analysis:**

**(a) Cross-Sectional Study:**
- The study design involves data collected at a specific point in time, making it an observational study.

**Answer:**
- **C.** The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study.

**(b) Variable of Interest:**
- The main focus is to identify if having sleep apnea relates to a higher incidence of gum disease.

**Options:**
- The primary variable is the proportion of gum disease present in individuals with sleep apnea.
- This variable is qualitative since it classifies individuals based on the presence or absence of gum disease.

**Answer:**
- **C.** The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea.
- The variable is qualitative because it is not numerically measured.

**(c) Confidence Interval Interpretation:**
- A 99% confidence interval for the proportion of individuals with sleep apnea who also have gum disease is to be estimated.

**Options:**
- **B.** A 99% confidence interval implies that for the population of individuals with sleep apnea, the true proportion with gum disease lies between the calculated values.

**Conclusion:**
The study suggests a potential link between sleep apnea and increased prevalence of gum disease, warranting further investigation into causative factors and management strategies.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Study on Sleep Apnea and Gum Disease** **Introduction:** Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. A cross-sectional study involved 310 adults with sleep apnea, revealing that 155 of them also had gum disease. In comparison, about 17.5% of the general population suffers from gum disease. **Study Analysis:** **(a) Cross-Sectional Study:** - The study design involves data collected at a specific point in time, making it an observational study. **Answer:** - **C.** The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study. **(b) Variable of Interest:** - The main focus is to identify if having sleep apnea relates to a higher incidence of gum disease. **Options:** - The primary variable is the proportion of gum disease present in individuals with sleep apnea. - This variable is qualitative since it classifies individuals based on the presence or absence of gum disease. **Answer:** - **C.** The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea. - The variable is qualitative because it is not numerically measured. **(c) Confidence Interval Interpretation:** - A 99% confidence interval for the proportion of individuals with sleep apnea who also have gum disease is to be estimated. **Options:** - **B.** A 99% confidence interval implies that for the population of individuals with sleep apnea, the true proportion with gum disease lies between the calculated values. **Conclusion:** The study suggests a potential link between sleep apnea and increased prevalence of gum disease, warranting further investigation into causative factors and management strategies.
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