what type of glucose transport protein is found in pancreatic beta cells? SGLUT-1 GLUT-2 GLUT-3 GLUT-4 GLUT-5

Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?

Describe how microfilaments and microtubules are involved in the phagocytosis and destruction of a pathogen by a macrophage.

Why is receptor-mediated endocytosis said to be more selective than phagocytosis or pinocytosis?

When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?

Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)

Active transport must function continuously because_______. a. plasma membranes wear out b. cells must be in constant motion c. facilitated transport opposes active transport d. diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction

How is a condition such as diabetes a good example of the failure of a set point in humans?

Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane the movement of glucose through the cell membrane

Put the following structures in order according to the pathway of a secreted protein: a. plasma membrane b. Golgi bodies c. endoplasmic reticulum d. post-Golgi vesicles