What proportion of all drugs prescribed · act on G-protein-coupled receptors? a. about 1/3 b. about 1/2 O c. about 3/4 d. about 1/4 e. about 2/3 O O

18-Which of the followings is not a Pharmacokinetics parameter a.Distribution of the drugs inside our bodies b.Drug absorption c.Blocking of beta 1 receptor d.Clearance of the drugs

9. If the concentration of a plasma carrier was diminished, what would this do to the half-life of a steroid? a. increase half-life   b. decrease half-life   c. no change   d. it depends on the steroid 10. Put the steps involved in generation and release of peptide hormones in the correct order:   1)cleavage into active hormone 2) transport into blood capillary 3)mRNA translation and preprohormone entrance into the ER 4) release signal into ECF 5)vesicular transport into Golgi apparatus   6)signal sequence peptide cleavage into prohormone

8. Describe the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic signaling in the brain with respect to receptor properties and duration

18.  Studies have shown that oxytocin acts as an "anti-social" hormone in humans, promoting aggression and avoidance. a. True b. False

How would the dependent variable (heart rate) be affected if the independent variable (binding and activating alpha-2 receptors) increased? Please justify the answer in-depth.

Catecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers are often used as a treatment to dilate blood vessels and therefore decrease arterial blood pressure (as a treatment for hypertension). This fact is excellent evidence to prove that the nervous system normally controlling the diameter of the arterial blood vessels is the: a. Somatosensory nervous system b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Reticular attenuating nervous system d. Parasympathetic nervous system

1. List the specific steps of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling through PKA activation. 2. What is the chromophore in rhodopsin? How does light absorption activate rhodopsin signaling? 3. How does the rhodopsin signaling pathway effector enzyme PDE affect levels of cGMP? At the molecular level, what is the result of the changed levels of cGMP and what response does this trigger? 4. What class of receptor is the insulin receptor (INSR)? When IRS1 is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor, what are the two signaling pathway branches that are activated? What physiological responses do these two branches regulate? 5. Both insulin and epinephrine regulate levels of D-glucose in the blood. How?

Which direction would a competitive reversible antagonist (plus agonist) shift the dose-response curve of the agonist? Group of answer choices A.To the left B.To the right C.Down D.Up E.To the right and possibly down

17. Define atropine. Discuss its mechanism of action, uses and side effects