Catecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers are often used as a treatment to dilate bloodvessels and therefore decrease arterial blood pressure (as a treatment forhypertension). This fact is excellent evidence to prove that the nervous systemnormally controlling the diameter of the arterial blood vessels is the:a. Somatosensory nervous systemb. Sympathetic nervous systemc. Reticular attenuating nervous systemd. Parasympathetic nervous system

Hypertension happens due to the constriction of the blood vessels. This is treated by the usage of…

Answered: Catecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers…

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter13: Artifacts And Noise In Medical Instrumentation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS

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Conotoxin is produced by marine cone snails. Among its effects is to block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in n eurons. A. What anatomical part of a neuron would be affected by conotoxin? B. How would the neuron's action potential be affected by conotoxin? Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis C. If conotoxin affected a somatic motor neuron, would this toxin cause muscle weakness or increased muscle tension? Explain why.
Local anesthetics "block" the action potential and therefore do not allow "pain" information to proceed to the brain and spinal cord. In the presence of these molecules (local anesthetics) 'threshold' is essentially "ignored". The molecules most logically work by: 23. a. Decreasing the intracellular [potassium] b. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated potassium channels c. Decreasing the extracellular [sodium] d. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated sodium channels
Define the following terms: a. lecithin b. phosphatidylcholine c. cardiolipin d. GPI anchors e. respiratory distress syndrome
The made-up drug leakyhose degrades myelin resulting in myelin becoming more porous and therefore a poor insulator. 2.) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of leakyhose? A. Propagation of the action potential would likely slow B. The action potential may degrade because it can’t properly be regenerated C. The action potential would not propagate but would rather reverse directions D. Saltatory conduction may be disrupted E. All of the above effects are consistent with the administration of leakyhose
Discuss the concept of termination of neurotransmitter action by comparing the mechanisms by which acetylcholine and nitric oxide's actions are terminated. (a) Name the three primary mediators of purinergic receptors. (b) Which one of these mediators is sometimes used to treat supraventricular tachycardia? (c) Explain why the drug in (b) is considered safer than verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?
Nicotinic receptors bind A. acetylcholine and allow chloride ions to exit the cell. B. acetylcholine and allow sodium ions to enter the cell. C. muscarine and increase the contractility of intestinal muscle. D. norepinephrine and can either stimulate or inhibit the cell. E. norepinephrine and allow potassium entry, thereby exciting the cell.
3) Where is TTX obtained from? 4) What was the effect of Lidocaine? 5) Relate 4 above to Lidocaine's clinical use Activity 5: Measuring Refractory Periods of Neurons: this simulation you will gradually decrease the time between successive stimuli until: d. A stronger stimulus is required to generate a 2nd AP (relative refractory period) of b. A second AP cannot be produced at all (absolute refractory period). Use your data from Chart 5 to answer the questions below: 1) What interval between stimuli initially prevented a second AP? 2) Was this the relative or absolute refractory period? 3) What was the minimum interval for relative refractory period (hint: minimum interval where you could still generate a second AP with a stronger stimulus? 4) What interval completely prevented a second AP? 5) Is this relative or absolute RP? ME Activity 6: The "Language" of the nervous system: Frequency of Aps. Use your data from Chart 6 to answer the questions below: 1) What is the effect of…
Which of the following statements is false? a. The sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are positive chronotropic and inotropic agents. b. The endocrine system regulates cardiac output through chronotropic and inotropic hormones and through hormones that regulate water balance .c. The parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine,which is a strongly negative inotropic agent. d. Factors such as electrolyte concentrations, body temperature,and age all affect cardiac output.
June Johnson is a 55-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital during two hours of crushing substernal chest pain. On physical examination she was pale and diaphoretic, in obvious distress. Her pulse was 75 and her blood pressure was 75/40. An EKG showed ST elevations, and cardiac enzymes drawn confirmed the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction. B. If you were forced to use a drug to improve her blood pressure, which receptor agonist would be the most helpful for increasing her cardiac output without increasing afterload? Explain.
Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptors
Post-synaptic receptors located on the membrane of skeletal muscle cells allow the muscle cells/fibers to respond to the neural-stimulus. What is the name of the receptors located on the post-synaptic membrane of the muscle cells (you can't find the answer in the textbook; you have to do some research)? 22. 26. A. beta receptors muscle contr alon is actually called The B. alpha receptors C. muscarinic receptorsry D. nicotinic receptors
Clostridium tetani toxin blocks the exocytosis of GABA. A. What anatomical part of a pre-synaptic neuron would be affected by this? B. How would a post-synaptic neuron’s likelihood of experiencing an action potential be affected by this toxin? C. Explain, using at least TWO of the following terms: threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, summation, IPSP, EPSP, exocytosis

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