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- Unlike naive T lymphocytes, Select one: a. memory T lymphocytes obtain energy from glycolysis. b. memory T lymphocyte populations may include TH1 or TH2 T cells. c. effector T cells do not undergo mitosis when stimulated by antigen. d. effector T cells do not express mTORc1. e. effector T cells undergo high rates of autophagy.A number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism? a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule b. helper T cell activation c. the deactivation of the complement system d. tumor antigen expression e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moleduleWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activation
- A naive T cell is migrating from the blood into a lymph node and first rolls along high endothelial venules of the lymph node. Which of the following is expressed by the T cell to facilitate the rolling process? A. C3a B. CD4 C. ICAM-1 D. lgM E. L-selectinDendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except Select one: a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria. b. macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses. c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9. d. cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway. Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.
- CD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the numbers of IFN-g-producing CD8 T cells are quantified. As a control, T cells are also stimulated with an irrelevant non-viral peptide (ova) plus dendritic cells. The results are shown in the figure below. Why is the T cell response different between the two lymph node populations?Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors). A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.
- Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " " TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " " A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " " The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " " CD4, but not CD8, interacts with Lck. " "Why HIV doesn’t naturally induce a strong CD8+ T cell response? (Select all that apply if more than one option is correct.) a. The virus is not recognized by BCRs b. HIV antigens cannot be presented on MHC II c. HIV antigens cannot be presented on MHC I d. HIV does not readily infect non-T cells e. HIV cannot interact with CD8 2. Explain the previous question by select all the correct following options. How are CD8+ T cell responses against HIV induced? HIV antigens need to be ______. a. presented to CD8 T cells by B cells b. cross-presented c. presented to CD8 T cells by unnifected DCs d. delivered as a vaccineThe nucleus of B lymphocytes receives the signal indicating that the corresponding epitope was found when: a. there is cluster cross-linking of the BCRs b. binds directly to an epitope c. PAMPs are recognized d. does not have Ig-alpha or Ig-beta