What is “washing” in immunology? What types of interactions does washing interfere with? What molecules are used for effective “washing” in the immunology lab? b) Blocking is also a common feature of immunological assays. Why is blocking required?

1) SDS PAGE gels can be probed with NBT/BCIP to perform an immunoblot true/ false 2) the direction of migration of protiens through a matrix is due to most proteins in natur having a net negative charge  true/false 3)  PBST  is a buffer that is used for blocking the membrane during immunoblotting. true/false 4) the buffer used during for transferring proteins to nitrocellulose methanol. true/false 7) The size of the pores of a polyacrylamide gel dcreases as concentrations of polyacrylamide increases. True or false 10) The secondary antibody used in laboratory for western blotting is conjugated to which enzyme  A) Alkaline decarboxylase B) GAPDH C) Alkaline Phosphatase D) Horseeradish peroxide 13) In protien electrophroresis, what reagent present in the sample buffer is used to eliminate difference in the charge densities of protein A) SDS B) 2- mercaptoethanol C) Tris-HCL pH6.8 D) Tris- HCL PH 8.8

Describe 2 methods of immunotherapy currently in use, and the clinical results of one of these (ie, how often does it work well?)

In radial immunodiffusion what are the circular precipitating rings composed of, and what do they represent?

Compared to an RNA Vaccine what additional steps does the information in DNA vaccine need to undergo before an antigenic protien is produced?

Knockout mice are mice in which certain genes are rendered irreversibly nonfunctional through the technique of homologous recombination. Which knockout mice would you use to study the two pathways of antigen processing and presentation?